1949-1956年中国共产党反贪污问题研究

【作者】 王欣媛；

【导师】 柳建辉；

【作者基本信息】 中共中央党校 ， 中共党史， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 新中国的建立标着中国共产党成为全国执政党，肩负起领导国家建设的重要使命。在领导国家建设的过程中，由于环境的变化，一些党员干部和机关工作人员没有经受住考验，陷入了贪污的泥坑，在人民群众中产生了恶劣的影响。为了彻底肃清贪污现象、巩固新生的人民政权，从1949年10月到1956年8月，中国共产党审时度势地领导了反贪污斗争，有力地打击了贪污行为，严惩了贪污分子，净化了社会风气，巩固了党的执政地位，为今天党开展反贪污工作提供了宝贵的历史经验。本论文以马克思主义为理论指导，从史论结合的角度，对1949—1956年中国共产党反贪污的过程进行梳理和回顾。在进行梳理和回顾的时候，特将1949—1956年分为1949.10—1951.11、1951.12—1952.10和1952.11—1956.8等三个阶段，对各个阶段中国共产党反贪污问题进行深入的分析和研究。通过研究分析这三个阶段中国共产党反贪污的过程、方法、特点，总结这一时期反贪污的特点和规律。同时，总结在这三个阶段中，中国共产党在反贪污过程中存在的问题，吸取经验教训，得出反贪污的启示。本论文的主体部分包括5个章节：第一章是对新民主主义革命时期中国共产党反贪污情况进行历史回顾，归纳总结这一时期中国共产党反贪污的方式和特点。建党初期，中国共产党通过监督财政收支情况、设立监察员、建立审计制度等方式，从源头堵塞贪污的发生。到了中央苏区时期，虽然革命根据地的条件十分恶劣，中国共产党依然把反贪污斗争作为一项重要工作。在苏区，中国共产党颁布了惩治贪污的条例，充分利用报刊杂志，初步建立了工农检察部，还建立了检查制度、会计制度和审计制度，同时开展群众检举贪污分子运动，这些在检举贪污、监督财政支出方面都发挥了重要作用。到了抗日战争时期，中国共产党结合抗战的背景，在各个抗日根据地颁布了惩治贪污条例，并重视建立和完善财务制度和供给制度、通过实行干部管理制度，调动干部反贪污的积极性。解放战争时期，中国共产党在接管城市中，加强了城市驻军纪律和财政工作，并在各个解放区颁布惩治贪污条例，为治理贪污问题提供了重要的法律依据。第二章是对1949.10—1951.11中国共产党反贪污情况进行梳理和分析。首先描述了这一时期贪污的情况，然后分析了贪污产生的主要原因。同时，厘清了推动中国共产党开展反贪污斗争的主客观因素，包括国家统一财政收支、纪检监察机构的建立、各级宣传机构的建立健全、人民司法工作的开展等四个方面。在此基础上，总结了中国共产党反贪污的方式：通过整风运动、报纸公开宣传、开展反贪污思想教育、发挥群众的监督和检举并根据贪污分子的情节予以严惩。最后，在肯定这一时期中国共产党反贪污取得的成效的同时，指出了反贪污中存在的问题，如对贪污分子没有进行适当的处理、干部对贪污分子实行包庇等。第三章是对1951.12—1952.10中国共产党反贪污情况进行概括和分析。首先论述了中国共产党领导人民群众开展反贪污斗争的具体过程，选择艺术宣传、口头宣传和文字宣传等三种反贪污斗争方式，肯定了这三种方式对取得反贪污斗争胜利所起到的积极作用。然后概括了中国共产党通过开展民主建设工作，巩固了反贪污斗争的胜利果实。同时，指出了党在反贪污斗争中所犯的错误，并分析了产生错误的原因。第四章是对1952.11—1956.8中国共产党反贪污情况进行论述和分析。首先指出“三反”运动后，各地出现的贪污情况。在此基础上，分析了贪污产生的原因，接着阐述了中国共产党通过开展反贪污学习运动、建立各项工作制度、推进民主法制建设等方式，与贪污现象进行坚决斗争的历史过程。最后，总结了反贪污斗争中存在的问题。第五章是对1949—1956年中国共产党反贪污问题的历史评价，包括总结这一时期反贪污斗争的历史意义和对今天党开展反贪污工作提出现实途径。中国共产党通过反贪污斗争，严惩了贪污现象，在群众中树立了威信，巩固了执政地位，还积累了反贪污斗争中的宝贵经验。在借鉴1949—1956年中国共产党反贪污经验的基础上，结合当前的实际情况，为党在新的形势下开展反贪污工作提出具体思路，即坚持预防与惩治相结合的原则，建立“宣传教育、制度监管、惩戒治理”三位一体的长效机制，保证反贪污工作的顺利开展。论文的主要研究结论是：1949—1956年中国共产党开展的反贪污斗争是成功的，主要结果是净化了社会风气，赢得了人民群众的拥护，巩固了新生的人民政权，为社会主义经济建设和社会发展提供了重要的保障。同时，反贪污斗争也存在着一些问题，其中的历史经验和教训值得深度挖掘。今天，中国共产党在反贪污工作中，要坚持预防和惩治相结合的原则，建立“宣传教育、制度监管、惩戒治理”三道坚固的防线，推动中国共产党反贪污工作的顺利进行。更多还原

【Abstract】 After the founding of new China, the Communist Party of China became theruling Party across the country, which shouldered the important mission of leadingthe country construction. In the process of leading the country construction, someparty members and office staff did not stand the test with the changed environment.They fell into the corruption, which had a bad influence among the masses. In orderto wipe out the corruption and consolidate the newborn people’s regime, theCommunist Party of China led the fight against the corruption assess the situationfrom Octorber1949to August1956. The fight not only hit the corruption stronglyand punished the corruption molecules, but also purified the social atmosphere andconsolidated the party’s ruling status. At the same time, it provided valuablehistorical experience for today’s party anti-corruption work.This paper is guidenced on the theory of Marxism. Meanwhile, it combs andreviews the process of the anti-corruption fight of the Communist Party of Chinafrom1949to1956in the aspact of the combination of history and theory. Whilecombing and reviewing, I make three phases, expectively from Octorber1949toNovember1951, from December1951to Octorber1952, from November1952toAugust1956. The anti-corruptiong situationg of the three phases have been analiedand studie deeply. We can get the characteristics and regularities of theanti-corruption this time from studying and analying the process, methoeds andcharacteristics of the Communist Party of China’s against corruption during the threephases. At the same time, we can get the problem, experience and lesson. At last, wecan also get the revelation of the anti-corruption fight. The main part of this paperincludes five chapters:The first chaper is to review the condition of the Communist Party of China’santi-corruption fight in the democratic revolution period and to generalize themethods as well as the charateristics of the anti-corruption during this time. In theearly founding of the Party, the Communist Party of China stopped the occurrence ofthe corruption with the supervision of fiscal revenue and expenditure. In the centralSoviet area period, though the revolutionary bases condition was very bad, theCommunist Party of China placed importance on the anti-corruption fight. In the Soviet area, the Communist Party of China issued the Regulation for Suppression ofCorruption, made full use of the nespapers and established the check, accouting andaudit systems, which played an important role in prosecuting the corruption andsupervising the revenue and expenditure. When the anti-japanese war time and theliberation war time got, the Communist Party of China stengthen the supervision ofthe financal, and issued the Regulation for Suppression of Corruption in differentstates, which provided important lawful basis to solve the corruption problem.The second chaper is to comb and analye the condition of the Communist Partyof China’s anti-corruption fight from Octorber1949to November1951. At first, Inarrate the condition of the corruption during this time. Then, I analyse the cause ofthe occurrence of the corruption. Meanwhile, I find the subjective and objectivefactors of the anti-corruption fight, which include four aspacts: the unity of therevenue and expenditure nationally, the construction of the Disciplinary inspectionand supervision organization and the Advertising agencies at all levels, the people ofthe judicial work. On the basis of this, the methods of the against corruption fighthave been summarized, which include the rectification movement, the publicprpogenda work, ideological education campaign against corruption, the masses’supervision and severed punishment to the corruption molecules. Finally, this paperexpresses the certainty and point out the deficiency of the anti-corruption fight, forexample, the improper solvement to the corruption molecules.The third chaper is to summary and analye the condition of the CommunistParty of China’s anti-corruption fight from November1951to Octorber1952. Firstly,it points out the propective process of the anti-corruption fight. Then it writes threemethods which are art propaganda, oral propaganda and character propgenda. At thesame time, it expresses the certainty and the positive impacts, points out the problemof the process. At last, it expresses the democratic construction work to consolidatethe victory.The fourth chaper is to summary and analye the condition of the CommunistParty of China’s anti-corruption fight from November1952to August1956. At first,it points out that the corruption’s occurrences after the anti-corruption’s peak. On thebasis of this, it analyses the causes of the corruption and expresses the historicalprocess of the anti-corruption fight. Finally, it expresses the methods of theanti-corruption fight, including campaign against corruption and learning, the work system establishments, the democracy and the legal system promotion.The fifth chaper is to evaluate the Communist Party of China’s anti-corruptionfight from1949to1956and to provide practical way for today’s anti-corruptionwork as well as summarizes the historical significance. As we all know, theCommunist Party of China not only punished the corruption phenomenon and set upthe prestige among the masses, but also consolidated the ruling staturas andaccumulated valuable experience with the anti-corruption fight. In reference to thebasis of the Communist Party of China anti-corruption fight’s experience, combinedwith the current actual situation, it has provided new thoughts for the anti-corruptionwork in the new situation. Therefore, we should adhere to the principle of combiningprevention and punishment, to establish "propaganda education, regulation,disciplinary governance" long-term mechanism of the trinity in order to ensure thesmooth progress in anti-corruption work.The main research conclusion of this paper is that the Communist Party ofChina’s anti-corruption fight is successful. The main result includes purifying thesocial atmosphere, winning the people’s support, strengthenning the newbornpeople’s regime and providing an important safeguard for the socialist economicconstruction and social development. At the same time, there are also some problemsand the historical experience and lessons worthy of deep mining. Today, theCommunist Party of China should insist on the principle of combining preventionand punishment, and establish "propaganda education, regulation, disciplinarygovernance" three strong defense, and participate in international cooperationactively, and promote the smooth implementation of the anti-corruption work of thecommunist party of China.更多还原