中国古代城市笔记研究

【作者】 刘海霞；

【导师】 孙逊；

【作者基本信息】 上海师范大学 ， 中国古代文学， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 城市笔记是从城市生活经验出发，以记录城市政治文化、物质文化、精神文化、民俗文化等文化要素为中心的笔记文。其中大部分作品被称为“梦华体”，反映了不同时代士人阶层对他们失去的生活的追记；另外一部分作品则为游记体和颂赞体，主要是对城市生活进行摄录，以文字为城市留影。古代城市笔记是古代笔记文学研究的一部分，也是古代文学的重要组成部分，具有很高的史料价值和文学价值。本论文在搜集中国历代城市笔记文本的基础上，探讨古代城市笔记发展轨迹和演变规律，初步归纳出城市笔记在起源、发展、成熟定型等不同发展阶段的代表作品，同时也以此为线索，总结以各个历史时期主要城市为代表的城市文明发展史，以城市笔记为载体勾勒出中国城市文明的发展大致历程，并挖掘城市笔记的文学价值。绪论部分就研究意义、当前的研究状况以及研究方法进行讨论。论文的主体部分，则分为如下六章：第一章，以隋前城市笔记的两个代表作品来探讨城市笔记萌生期形成的文体规范。第一节讨论城市笔记开山之作《西京杂记》对于汉代都市文化的展示；第二节探讨南北朝时期最具有知名度和文化品位的城市笔记《洛阳伽蓝记》，发掘其中的创作传统和对北魏城市文明的记录。第二章，以隋唐城市笔记的代表作品来追踪城市笔记发展期在题材上的拓展，尤其关注唐代三类聚焦不同领域，在音乐表演、绘画发展和狭邪冶游方面记录城市文化发展的代表作品，并追踪这些作品共同具有的“梦华体”创作倾向。第一节探讨隋朝都城的《大业杂记》所取得的创作成就；第二节探讨城市笔记中所反映的唐代音乐发展态势以及对于文学发展的促进，其中《教坊记》主要是对盛唐声乐繁华的追思，《羯鼓录》是对唐代贵族音乐才华的礼赞，《乐府杂录》中则津津乐道于长安乐工的逸闻轶事；第三节追踪后代狭邪小说的早期代表作《北里志》，探求其实录风格和感伤基调、悲悯情怀；第四节关注城市笔记中在寺庙游览中对于绘画艺术发展的记录，并具体分析作品在情感上的共同诉求：对失去的繁华生活的追忆。第三章，以宋代城市笔记的代表作品来考察城市笔记的成熟期在体式上的特点，探讨“梦华体”的内涵，关注宋代城市变革之下俗文化的大发展以及在城市笔记中的体现。宋代城市变革带来城市笔记的勃兴，第一节探求欧阳修《洛阳牡丹记》中北宋初期城市的情调和欧阳修人生初宦时的美好际遇；第二节关注《洛阳名园记》对于宋代园林名城的记录，发掘其中所具有的的时代忧思和城市经济初步解放的态势；第三节探讨《东京梦华录》中的旧都追忆，注重分析其所具有的典范意义和东京俗文化百科全书的文化诉求；第四节在综合研究梦华录影响下出现的大量城市笔记在创作倾向的差异，并观照临安城市风貌；第四章，以明清两京相关的城市笔记为研究对象，考察大量涌现出来的两京城市笔记中的代表作；第一节关注北京为中心的城市笔记，尤其关注游记类型城市笔记；第二节关注南京为中心的城市笔记，特别探求近于狭邪小说类型的城市笔记以及其文学意义。第五章，以明清江南地区相关的城市笔记为研究对象，尤其关注城市笔记发展史上集大成之作的《扬州画舫录》。第一节追寻《西湖梦寻》中的江南梦乡，挖掘遗民张岱的西湖情结，总结小品文风格城市笔记的艺术特色和审美情趣；第二节关注《扬州画舫录》所具有的城市笔记创作史中的总结性质，研究盐政和南巡对于扬州城市发展的推动。第六章，关注近代城市的崛起与城市笔记的演进，分别以天津和上海为中心，选择两个最具特色的文本来解析近代城市文明发展的进展。第一节研究十里洋场激发下的《海陬冶游录》类笔记，探求近代洋场文化与狭邪小说的繁荣之间的联系。第二节以对《津门杂记》的解剖来分析中国城市现代化的进程，探究洋务重镇的历史面貌，画出城市文明的特质。总之，古代城市笔记在内容上全面反映了中国古代城市的宫廷文化活动、市井生活、都市娱乐、都市伎艺、民俗活动以及部分的政治生活。本文多角度、多方位展现了城市文明的进程，同时探求城市笔记演变的规律，关注众多作者的创作诉求。更多还原

【Abstract】 Urban notes were taken from the city life experience，to record the city politicalculture，material culture，spiritual culture，folk culture and other cultural elementsas the center of the note paper. The majority of works called "meng-hua"，reflectingthe different times of literati stratum for their lost lives; another part works for blogsand praise，mainly for recording on urban lives.The ancient urban notes are a part of ancient note literature，but also animportant part of ancient literature. They are mainly about the urban life as thecore，record the cities of different historical periods of ceremony，urban governmentfacilities，urban management，urban entertainment and food，customs and othercontent，which have the very high historical value and literary value.Based on the collection of ancient Chinese urban notes text，development path and evolution of the ancient urban notes，we sum up the urbannotes in origin，development，mature setting different development stages ofrepresentative works，at the same time as a clue to summarize the main city eachhistorical period as the representative of the urban civilization development history，urban notes as the carrier to outline the development Chinese urban civilization andgeneral process of mining citys，notes the value of literature.The introduction part is the significance of the research，current researchsituation and research methods.The main part of this thesis is divided into six chapters as follows:The first chapter，the two works before the Sui Dynasty explore theurban notes stylistic norms formed in the stage of initiation. The first sectiondiscusses the urban notes book "notes Xijing" for the urban culture of display; mosthas the visibility and the cultural taste of the second section discusses the southernand Northern Dynasties Urban notes "story of Luoyang Temple"，to explore thecreation of traditional and on Northern Wei urban civilization record.The second chapter，the representative works of the Sui and TangDynasties Urban notes to track development urban development period in the notes on the theme of the Tang Dynasty，especially the three kinds of different focus areas，in music，painting and courtesan before recording the representative works ofcultural development of the city，and tracking these works together with the "DreamChina" the creation tendency. The first section discusses the Sui Dynasty capital，thecreation achievement; the second section discusses the urban notes in the TangDynasty music and to promote the development of literature development，the"jiaofangji" is mainly the prosperous Tang Memorial on vocal music，"sita recorded" isa celebration of the Tang Dynasty aristocratic musical talent，"yue fu miscellany" inChangan musicians indulge in elaborating on the anecdotes; early on behalf of thirdday tracking offspring Xiaxie novels as "Bai Li Zhi"，explore the actually recorded styleand sentimental tone，compassion; fourth section focuses on the urban note recordsfor the art development in the temple tour，common aspirations and the specificanalysis of works in emotional: recollections of lost busy life.The third chapter， in the style characteristics of mature period in SongDynasty urban representative works of note to examine the urban note，to explorethe connotation of "Dream China"，focus on development of folk culture in the SongDynasty under the urban transformation and reflected in the city in the notes. TheSong Dynasty urban change brought about the prosperity of urban notes，the firstsection explores Ou Yangxiu "tree peony in Luoyang" north urban atmosphere andOu Yangxiu at the beginning of the good fortune of life our song period; secondsection on "Luoyang garden" for the Song Dynasty garden-city on record，explore theera of sorrow and urban economy preliminary emancipation trend the third sectiondiscusses;"Dongjing menghua lu" in the old memories，focus on the analysis ofcultural demands encyclopedia model of its significance and Tokyo popular culture;differences in the fourth quarter of the comprehensive research menghualu largeurban notes appear under the influence in the creation tendency，and view of Lingancity;The fourth chapter， the two capital City in the Ming and Qing Dynastiesrelated notes as the research object，the springing out of two capital City notes in the representative; the first section on Beijing as the center of the urban note，especiallyblogs type urban notes; second section concerns in Nanjing as the center of theurban notes，especially seek to Xiaxie novel types Urban notes and its literarysignificance.The fifth chapter，related to Ming and Qing Jiangnan Urban notes as theobject of study，especially the history of the development of urban note masterpieceof "Yangzhou boats". The first section search "West Lake dream" Jiangnan indreamland，mining adherents of Zhang Dai West Lake complex，summarizes the essaystyle urban notes artistic characteristics and aesthetic taste; second section focuseson the "summary of the nature of the records of Yangzhou boat" has the urban notein the history of creation， to promote the study of salt administration and southerntour for the development of Yangzhou;The sixth chapter concerns the evolution of the modern city，the rise andurban notes，respectively，in Tianjin and Shanghai as the center，in the most uniquetext to modern urban civilization development analysis. The first section of theanatomy of the "ferry" to analyze Chinese city modernization，westernization ofexploring historical appearance，draw the urban civilization qualities; second sectionon Day Three excited "sea Zou excursion recorded" class notes，between the foreignculture and explore the modern Xia Xie novel prosperous contact.In short，the ancient urban notes in the content fully reflects the Chineseancient urban palace cultural activities，urban life，urban recreation，urban folk art，folk activities and a part of political life. In this paper，multi angle，multi directionshow the urban civilization， and explore the evolution of the urban note，attentionof many authors.更多还原