【作者】 周忠丽；

【导师】 夏英；

【作者基本信息】 中国农业科学院 ， 农业经营管理， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 近年来我国部分鲜活农产品价格暴涨暴跌，频频上演―过山车‖式行情，引起社会各界的广泛关注。鲜活农产品是我国消费者除粮食外最主要的食物营养来源，在日常生活中占据着举足轻重的地位，其价格的大起大落会严重扰乱正常的市场经济秩序，制约整个产业链的健康发展，并最终影响消费者尤其是低收入者的生活，同时损害广大生产者的利益。由于鲜活农产品不易储存，容易腐烂变质，对运输环境和运输的及时性有较高要求。作为鲜活农产品的西甜瓜，在我国倍受消费者青睐。我国城乡居民对西甜瓜消费的习惯和偏好居世界之首。西甜瓜的流通效率对西甜瓜产业的发展起着至关重要的作用。在国家现代农业（西甜瓜）产业技术体系专项的支持下，本文对西甜瓜的流通效率及其影响因素进行了研究。本文主要以农产品流通理论和供应链理论为基础，结合我国西甜瓜流通中的实际情况，以各流通参与主体为研究对象，针对流通过程中各主体的成本收益、利益联结机制和流通效率的影响因素进行了较为系统的实证分析。本文共有七章：第一章，对本研究的目的和意义予以阐述，对本文的框架和技术路线予以介绍，对与西甜瓜流通相关已有的研究成果加以总结和评述，并将全文内容及结构较清晰的呈现出来；第二章，对本文所研究的对象和研究范围予以界定，并对本文研究中所根据的理论基础进行了简述；第三章，对我国与西甜瓜流通相关的果品类流通体制的演变进行了描述，同时，还对现有的与西甜瓜等鲜活农产品相关的政策制度进行了搜集和整理；第四章从西甜瓜生产、流通和消费的概况、流通各参与主体的经营状况、西甜瓜流通的四种主要模式以及西甜瓜流通体系的基本特征这四个方面对西甜瓜流通体系的发展和主体行为进行了研究分析；第五章从成本收益的角度对西甜瓜流通效率进行了研究；第六章，基于利益协调机制对西甜瓜流通效率进行了研究，采用利润池方法、灰色关联度和市场整合程度进行了实证分析；第七章采用结构方程模型等分析法对西甜瓜流通效率的影响因素进行了多层次多角度的分析；最后得出研究结论和政策建议。通过研究分析得出了五个方面的主要结论：第一个方面是政策层面，基础设施的政策支持偏弱；第二个方面是主体功能，表现为瓜农数量多，市场议价能力低；合作社的功能未能得到较好的发挥；中央批发市场和骨干零售商发挥作用不足；第三个方面是利益协调，表现为西甜瓜各流通主体之间的利益分配差异较大；流通参与主体之间的利益联结程度不够紧密。第四个方面是产业特性，表现为西甜瓜价格虽然季节性波动很大，但历年来同比价格波动不大；产业链较短，附加值增殖空间小；市场上好瓜难卖与难买并存。第五个方面是影响因素，表现为西甜瓜流通环节多，合作程度低，流通成本高；信息的作用未能达到较好的发挥；物流方式单一。基于上述研究分析得出的结论，本文提出了相应的政策建议：1.加强对西甜瓜市场流通体系建设的政策支持；2.加强以西甜瓜为代表的鲜活农产品市场体系建设；3.提高西甜瓜各流通主体的组织化程度，健全市场化服务体系；4.通过多种途径提高农户收入，优化利益分配格局；5.加强西甜瓜流通主体之间的合作关系；6.发挥信息的枢纽作用；7.减少冗余重复的流通环节，降低流通成本；8.扩大西甜瓜经营规模，提高农产品物流水平。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years, the prices of some fresh agricultural products have fluctuated fiercely, whichmakes the status like the roller coaster. This situation draws so much attention of people from all walksof life. Apart from the grain food, the fresh agricultural products are the main source of food andnutrition, which play a significant role in the daily life. Therefore, the prices of them will seriouslydisturb the normal market economic order, and restraint the healthy development of the whole industrialchain, and eventually affect the consumers, especially for people with low income. Meanwhile, it willharm the benefits of producers. Since fresh products are not easy to store, perishable, the transportenvironment and efficiency are highly demanded. As fresh agricultural products, the watermelon andmelon are popular with many consumers. The consumption and the preference of the watermelon andmelon in Chinese rural and urban are the highest in the world. So the circulation of melons is crucial tothe development of melon industry. By the support of CARS (China Agricultural Research System) ofwatermelon and melon, this dissertation is aimed at finding out the rules of circulation efficiency and itsinfluencing factors of the melons.Based on the agricultural products circulation theory and supply chain theory, combined withpractical status of watermelon and melon circulation, targeted at each participating entity, thisdissertation did some systematic empirical analyses, aiming at analyzing the cost-benefit of each entity,benefit joint mechanism and the factors affecting the circulation. This dissertation has seven chapters:the first chapter elaborated on the purpose and significance of the study, reviewed the related literatureshome and abroad and commented on them, and clearly presented the whole contents and study structureof it; the second chapter defined the object and scope of the study and briefly explained the theoreticalbasis of this study; chapter three described the evolution of fruits circulation system. Meanwhile, therelated policies about the circulation of fresh agri-products enacted by the government in recent yearswere collected and illustrated; the fourth chapter analyzed the development of melons circulation systemand the conducts of the participating entities from four aspects: the general status of melons‘production,circulation and consumption, the business status of each participating entity, four models of melonscirculation and the basic characteristics of melons circulation; the fifth chapter studied melonscirculation efficiency from the perspective of cost-benefit; in chapter six, it took use of the method ofprofit pool, the grey correlation analysis and market integration to do some empirical analyses; inchapter seven, it used the Structural Equation Model, etc. to analyze the factors which influenced themelons circulation efficiency from different angles. Finally, it drew the conclusion and offered somepractical suggestions.Through research and analysis, the main conclusions can be drawn in five aspects: the first is thepolicy level, the policy support for the circulation infrastructure is comparatively weak; the second aspect is about the main entities‘function, which shows the large quantity of melon farmers, low marketprice negotiation power; the function of cooperatives cannot be played well; what‘s more, the centralwholesale markets and retailers play an inadequate function; in addition, the market-oriented serviceorganization is not perfect in the circulation system; the third aspect is the coordination of interests, forthe benefit distribution varies largely among different groups; interest joint degree of the mainparticipating entities is not tight enough; the fourth aspect is the industrial characteristics, for theseasonal melon prices have fluctuated greatly. But over the years, the year on year price volatilitypresents to be not so violent; the industry chain is relatively short, and the melon industry has smallroom for proliferation; the phenomena of that quality melons are hard to sell and hard to buy are coexistin the melon market; the fifth aspect is about the influencing factors. They are represented by more linksof melons circulation, low level of cooperation, high distribution costs, too many participators in eachcirculation entity, and single way of logistics.Based on the analysis concluded above, this paper puts forward the corresponding policyrecommendations:1. strengthening policy support for market circulation system construction;2.Strengthening fresh agricultural products market system construction represented by the melons;3. toimprove the degree of organization of each melon circulation entity, and to improve market servicesystem;4. to raise farmers’ income through a variety of ways to optimize the pattern of distribution ofbenefits;5. to strengthen partnerships between the main entities of melon circulation;.6. to follow themelon industry characteristics, and to well play a junction role of the information;7. to reduceredundant duplicate circulation links, and to reduce distribution costs;8. to expand the operation scaleof melon business, and to enhance the agricultural products logistics capacity.更多还原