【作者】 袁智慧；

【导师】 王东阳；

【作者基本信息】 中国农业科学院 ， 农业经济管理， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 海南省国际旅游岛的建设能否让农民获益并最终富裕起来，是关乎到这一战略能否顺利推进的重要问题。在此背景下，深入研究海南省旅游业发展对当地农民增收、城乡收入差距缩小的影响及作用，具有重要的理论价值和现实意义。本文基于区域经济发展、可持续发展等相关理论，运用比较分析、案例分析、模型实证分析等方法，对海南省国际旅游岛建设前后的旅游业发展水平与农民收入增长、城乡收入差距变化的关系进行了系统研究，研究内容及主要结论如下：（1）从总体分析来看，海南省通过4年多的国际旅游岛建设，促进了当地旅游业快速发展，旅游人数、旅游收入显著增加；地方产业结构、就业结构不断优化，第三产业比重持续提高，旅游业就业人数快速增加；与此同时，农民收入显著提高，收入结构中的工资性收入及家庭经营中的非农收入增长迅速；城乡收入比下降，收入差距逐渐缩小。（2）从典型案例分析来看，海南省国际旅游岛建设将相关市县的农业和旅游业紧密结合起来，农民参与旅游业的渠道增多、得到的实惠明显增加；在景区开发模式上采用社区参与模式，让农民直接从业旅游业，实现了收益获取的长久性。在此导向下，目前尚未脱贫的村庄虽确立了旅游扶贫的策略和方式，但农民涉入旅游业的程度和层次较低，规模较小。（3）从计量模型分析来看，海南省旅游发展与农民收入之间存在显著的正相关，旅游业发展每变动一个单位即1%，农民收入相应正向变动2.83%，而在国际旅游岛建设后，旅游发展对农民收入的影响程度增加到3.28%。（4）从区域发展变化分析来看，海南省国际旅游岛建设前，旅游发展增收效应最大的是以三亚市为代表的南部地区，其后依次是北部地区、东部地区、西部地区，但以琼中县为代表的中部地区，旅游发展与农民收入关系不显著。国际旅游岛建设之后，旅游发展增收效果最强的反而是中部地区，该区域旅游发展与农民收入出现了显著的正向效应，旅游拉动的后发优势显著。（5）从城乡收入差距分析来看，国际旅游岛建设后，旅游业的发展与城乡收入差距之间存在着显著的负相关，旅游发展每变动一个百分点，城乡居民收入差距将缩小0.2769个百分点，因此，国际旅游岛的建设有利于城乡收入差距的缩小。基于以上研究结论，本文提出的主要政策建议为：（1）进一步开发旅游产品，带动海南省乡村特色旅游的发展；（2）充分发挥旅游业的拉动作用，促进区域产业结构的调整和优化；（3）推广社区参与旅游的发展方式，拓展相关服务领域；（4）强化职业培训，提高农民旅游业参与能力和服务水平；（5）切实保护城乡生态环境，完善生态补偿机制；（6）在旅游基础设施建设及公共服务方面，加大政府财政扶持力度。更多还原

【Abstract】 Whether the establishment of Hainan international tourism island will bring real benefit to farmersand eventually help them be richer is of the important issue for the success of this strategy. In this study,in-depth analysis of the influence and effects of tourism development on both increasing of the farmer’sincome and decreasing of urban and rural residents’ income gap was performed, and the obtained resultsmight have important theoretical value and practical significance.The thesis is based on the theory of regional economic development, sustainable development, andother related theories, using methods such as comparative analysis, case analysis, empirical analysis, tosystematically research the relationship between tourism development and the farmer’s income andurban and rural residents’ income gap before and after the construction of international tourismisland.The major conclusions are listed as the following:Firstly, from the overall analysis, through more than four years of the construction of internationaltourism island in Hainan province, the rapid development of local tourism, tourist arrivals and tourismrevenues increased significantly. The local industrial structure and employment structure continues tobe optimized, the proportion of the tertiary industry continues to be improved as well as, tourismemployment increase rapidly. At the same time, the farmer’s income has been increased dramatically,and the wage income and non-agricultural income of family-run income has been improved rapidly. Theratio gap of urban and rural income has declined, which results in the income gap is narrowing.Secondly, from the typical case analysis, Hainan international tourism island constructioncombining agriculture and tourism, the channels of farmer’s participation in tourism increase, farmersget benefits significantly improved. The model of community participation, farmers directly participatein the tourism industry, they can obtain long-term gains. Under this guidance, poor village establishedthe strategy and the way of pro-poor tourism.But at present, the degree and level of farmers involved intourism is lower and the scale is smaller.Thirdly, from the econometric model analysis, there is significant positive correlation betweenfarmer’s income and tourism development in Hainan province, tourism development changes1%, andfarmer’s income is positive changes to2.83%. After the construction of international tourism island, theinfluence degree of the tourism development on farmer’s income increased to3.28%.Fourthly, from the regional development and changes, before the construction of internationaltourism island, the biggest of tourism income effect is the south region represented by Sanya city. Forthe north region, the east region and the west region, but in the central region represented byQiongzhong, a small county in the middle of Hainan province, the relationship between tourismdevelopment and farmer’s income isn’t such significance as that in other counties. After theconstruction of international tourism island, tourism income effect is the strongest in the central region,there is significant positive correlation between farmer’s income and tourism development in this region,and the late-developing advantage of tourism pulling is also obvious. Fifthly, from urban and rural residents’ income gap, after the construction of international tourismisland, there is a significantly negative correlation between urban and rural residents’ income gap andtourism development, after tourism development changes1%, the urban and rural residents’ income gapwill shrink0.2769%, the construction of international tourism island is helpful to narrowing the incomegap of urban and rural residents.Based on the above mentioned conclusions, in this project, some suggestions on the policies andrecommendations are as the following:Firstly, further develop tourism product, drive the development of Hainan characteristics ruraltourism；Secondly, tourism should play a great pulling effect to promote regional industrial structureadjustment and optimization；Thirdly, generalize community participation, expand related services；Fourthly, strengthen vocational training program, improve the ability of farmers to participate intourism and service level；Fifthly, strengthen the urban and rural environmental protection, improve themechanism of ecological compensation；Sixthly, in the aspects of tourism infrastructure and publicservice, increase the government financial support.更多还原