【作者】 骆汉；

【导师】 赵廷宁；

【作者基本信息】 北京林业大学 ， 工程绿化， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 公路边坡立地类型的划分是实施公路边坡绿化和生态防护的植物选择及技术模式选用的首要环节,直接涉及到项目实施的科学性和合理性。为提高高速公路边坡植被恢复措施的针对性,更好的选配工程绿化方法,降低工程成本,提高边坡植被的成活率和保存率,提高绿化效果,本文以华北东部高速公路边坡为研究对象,以地貌学、生态学、土壤侵蚀原理以及多元统计学等理论为基础,运用实地边坡调查和室内试验分析相结合的方法,对各立地因子进行分析。基于方差分析、主成分分析和聚类分析等多元统计学原理,筛选出主导因子,定性与定量分析相结合,划分出高速公路边坡立地类型。综合考虑边坡特征因子和其他各立地因子,运用均方差决策分析法进行立地质量评价。通过对边坡绿化一年后植被的调查分析来验证立地质量评价的结果。(1)以位于华北东部山区的京承(北京至承德)高速公路(沙峪沟至市界段)以及华北东部平原区的廊涿(廊坊至涿州)高速公路和京石(北京至石家庄)二通道高速公路(大苑村至市界段)的边坡为研究对象,选取了112个样地边坡对其各项立地因子进行了实地调查和室内试验分析。通过对定性因子的选取,确定出6个高速公路边坡立地类型组：平原土质路堤边坡、平原土质路堑边坡、低山土质路堤边坡、低山土质路堑边坡、平原岩质路堑边坡和低山岩质路堑边坡。然后通过对各立地类型组的立地因子进行筛选,选出其主导因子,经过聚类分析,将6个高速公路边坡立地类型组又划分出24个立地类型。(2)运用均方差决策分析法,确定不同边坡立地类型组各指标的权重,然后根据立地质量评价指标数据的标准化值,利用权重系数和评价得分表,得出了不同高速公路各边坡立地条件的综合评价。平原土质路堤边坡中,17%的边坡立地类型质量良好,83%的边坡立地类型质量中等；平原土质路堑边坡中,50%的边坡立地类型质量良好,50%的边坡立地类型质量中等；低山土质路堤边坡中,100%的边坡立地类型质量良好；低山土质路堑边坡中,50%的边坡立地类型质量良好,50%的边坡立地类型质量中等；平原岩质路堑边坡中,67%的边坡立地类型质量良好,33%的边坡立地类型质量中等；低山岩质路堑边坡中,50%的边坡立地类型质量良好,50%的边坡立地类型质量中等。既没有不需要任何改造即可绿化的立地质量优秀的边坡,也没有无法绿化的立地质量很差的边坡,大部分的边坡都需要进行适度的或者大投入的改造后才适宜进行绿化。最后,通过对边坡绿化一年后植被恢复情况的调查,验证了边坡立地质量评价的准确性。更多还原

【Abstract】 Highway slope site classification is the primary aspects of selection in plant and technology model, which is directly related to the science and rationality of project implementation. In order to prove the pertinence of slope vegetation measures, match the green engineering methods better, reduce project costs, improve the rate of survival and preservation of slope vegetation, the highway slope at Eastern North China was studied on the basis of geomorphology, botany, ecology and soil erosion principle. Field slope investigation and laboratory test analysis of each site factors were combined to filter out the dominant factors. Then based on the analysis of variance, multivariate statistical principles of factor analysis and cluster analysis, the site types of highway slope were divided. Considering the slope characteristic factors and other site factors, the site quality evaluation was made by the mean square error of the decision analysis. The result of site quality evaluation was verified by the investigation of slope vegetation one year later.(1) Jingcheng (Beijing to Chengde) highway (Shayugou to the city boundary) slope located in the mountains of the eastern part of North China, Langzhuo (Langfang to Zhuozhou) highway slope and Jingshi (Beijing to Shijiazhuang) two-channel highway (Dayuancun to the city boundary) slope located in the eastern plains region of North China were studied.112slope plots were selected to be field investigated and laboratory tested analysis. Selected by qualitative factors, the six highway slope site type groups were determined:plain soil embankment slope, plain soil cutting slope, mountain soil embankment slope, mountain soil cutting slope, plain rock cutting slope, mountain rock cutting slope. Then the dominant factors were screened. After cluster analysis, the six highway slope site type group was divided into24site types of highway slope.(2) The method of variance decision analysis was used to determine the weight of different slope site type indicators. Then based on the standardized value of the site quality evaluation data, the use of weighting coefficients and evaluation score table, a different highway slope comprehensive evaluation was obtained. In plain soil embankment slope, site quality of17%slopes is good, and site quality of another83%slopes is moderate; in plain soil cutting slope, site quality of50%slopes is good, and site quality of another50%slopes is moderate; the mountain soil embankment slope, site quality of100%slopes is good; the mountain soil cutting slope, site quality of50%slopes is good, and site quality of50%slopes is moderate; plain rock cutting slope, site quality of67%slopes is good, and site quality of33%slopes is moderate; mountain rock cutting slope, site quality of50%slopes is good, and site quality of50%slopes is moderate site quality. No slope with excellent site quality and no slope with poor site quality. Most of the slopes are the slopes with good or moderate site quality which need to be improved. Finally, the vegetation was investigated to verify the accuracy of the slope site evaluation.更多还原