【作者】 孙逊；

【导师】 李雄；

【作者基本信息】 北京林业大学 ， 城市规划与设计， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 在快速城镇化的背景下,全球城镇人口不断增加,土地、交通、人居环境等问题使得城乡矛盾日益凸显,城市环境承载力不堪重负。中国正处在城镇化的关键时期,生态环境与城市建设二者间的矛盾是城市发展中不可回避的重要问题,风景园林及城市规划学科有责任承担起解决好城市人居环境及城市生态空间发展的重任。绿地是城市生态安全、人居环境的保障,对城镇绿地系统的研究是解决城市人居环境问题的关键。生态网络思想起源于19世纪,绿地生态网络源于城市绿地系统化、网络化的发展以及绿道等概念的延伸,它被广泛应用于城镇绿地系统规划中,形成绿地生态网络化的规划方法。目前,绿地生态网络概念及规划方法不断发展,已经在许多发达国家的城市和地区被广泛应用实践,并在控制城市无序扩张和解决城镇化问题等方面有效果显著。本文基于对绿地生态网络的理论和实践研究,对北京绿地体系网络化发展进行战略性探索实践。通过国内外典型城市案例的分析研究,结合生态网络思想,总结提出城镇绿地生态网络的规划方法。以北京市为例,剖析北京绿地生态格局演变与城市形态发展,指出构建绿地生态网络的城镇绿地体系发展新方向,提出北京绿地生态网络预案,该网络方案为正确引导北京城市空间发展,保障北京生态安全,提高北京人居环境质量提供有效途径。希望以此为中国城镇绿地体系发展开辟新的发展方向和思路,引导我国城镇绿地走向整体性、系统性、网络化、高效能化的规划发展模式；为中国城镇绿地生态网络建设研究提供理论框架和实践参考。主要研究内容及成果如下：首先,本文通过对绿地生态网络进行研究综述,辨析相关概念及理论,界定了绿地生态网络的定义及内涵,并总结其结构及其功能。通过梳理国内外典型城市案例的绿地生态网络演化发展历程,分析其绿地与城市空间形态的关系,提出中国城市绿地建设的问题,并指出未来城镇绿地系统化、网络化的发展方向,总结可借鉴的经验。其二,对比研究北京生态格局演变的历史与现状,指出北京生态格局现存的主要问题。分析研究北京绿地空间结构,指出现阶段北京绿地规划建设存在的主要问题。论证北京市构建绿地生态网络的可行性与必要性,提出北京理想生态空间格局,以及未来北京绿地体系发展的具体需求。其三,基于上述研究总结了绿地生态网络的规划方法,并运用该方法重点对北京绿地生态网络中的生态节点、生态廊道、网络模型进行分析确定,提出北京绿地生态网络发展战略方案。在绿地生态网络理论方法的指导下提出对北京绿地生态网络初步初步构想,并运用GIS、FRAGSTATS等技术对网络化后的北京生态空间进行景观格局分析,论证方案的优越性以及该构建方法的合理性。最后,对未来中国绿地建设发展将面临问题进行了讨论,并对绿地生态网络在城镇绿地中的应用和研究工作进行展望。希望通过本研究,引起社会对城市生态环境的关注,对城市绿地建设的重视,对绿地生态网络规划途径的认识。期待利用绿地生态网络这一绿地体系发展的新型模式使目前的城市生态安全、人居环境问题得到切实有效的解决,最终实现城市可持续发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the rapid development of urbanization, the global urban population is growing. The pressure of land, transportation and inhabited environment intensifies the conflicts between urban and rural areas. The urban environment capacity can’t meet the human’s needs. China is at a critical stage of urbanization. It is an unavoidable and important problem that we should face the conflicts between the ecological environment and urban construction. The subject of landscape architecture and urban planning should take the responsibility of bearing the important mission of urban inhabited environment and the ecological space development. Green space is the performance ensure of urban ecological safety and inhabited environment. The research of urban green space system is the key to settle the problem of urban inhabited environment. The idea of ecological network originates from the19th century. Green space ecological network derives from the extend concept of urban green space systematism, networking, greenway and etc. By now green space ecological network is widely applied in the green space systems organization and form a method to planning green space ecological network. At present, the concept of green space ecological network and the planning method is developing all the time. It is widely applied and practiced in some developed countries, such as Britain, America, Singapore and Japan. There are obvious effects in the controlling of disorderly urban expansion and dealing with urbanization problem.This dissertation illustrates green space system and its’network development with Beijing, which based on the research of the theory and practice of green space ecological network. By analyzing the typical urban case domestic and international on urban green space development, combining ecological network, the author summarizes the constructive method on urban green space ecological network theory thought. For Beijing, according to analyze the relationship of the Beijing green space ecological pattern evolution and urban morphology development, the study points out that the construction of green space ecological network is a effective new direction for urban green space system development, and provides the initial network plan of Beijing green space ecological network, it will guide the urban space development in Beijing correctly, to ensure local ecological security, improve the quality of living environment in Beijing. Hope to opens up a new directions and ideas for China’s urban green space system development, to guide China’s urban green space to holistic systematic, networked and efficient patterns of planning and development. And hoping this study can provide a theoretical framework and practical reference for the construction of Chinese urban green ecological networks. Here lists the main research contents and results.First, the dissertation draws a general overview on green space ecological network, differentiates and analyses related concepts and theories, defines the definition and connotation of green space ecological network and finally summarizes its’framework and function. According to the classical case on the evolution and development of green space ecological network of domestic and international city, the dissertation analyses the relation between green space of Beijing city and its spatial morphology, raises the question on China green space construction, points out the future city development direction towards green space systematism and network and finally provides referential experiences.Second, according to the contrastive study between the history of ecological pattern evolution and its’present situation, the dissertation points out the present problems of the ecological pattern of Beijing city, gives a analytic study on the green space structure of Beijing city and point out the existing problem in Beijing green space planning and construction at the present stage. The author also demonstrates the practicability and necessity of constructing green space ecological network in Beijing city and provides the ideal landscape ecological pattern and development needs of Beijing green space system.Third, based on the above research, the author summarizes the constructive method on green space ecological network. By using this method, the author emphasizes on the analysis of ecological node, ecological corridor, and network pattern of Beijing green space ecological network, and provides its’develop strategies. Under the guidance of theoretical method of green space ecological network, the author provides the initial network plan of Beijing green space ecological network. By using GIS, FFRAGSTATS technology and etc., the author gives landscape pattern analysis after the ecological space of Beijing city is networked. The author demonstrates the superiority of the plan and the rationality of the constructive method.At the end of the dissertation, the author discusses the future problem of Chinese green space construction development and draws a blueprint about the application and research work in urban green space field of green space ecological network. According to this research, the author hopes draw social attention on urban ecological environment problem and urban green space, and get social cognition on green space ecological network planning. The author also hopes to settle urban ecological safety and inhabited environment problems effectively by using this green space system development pattern-urban green space ecological network and finally realize urban sustainable development.更多还原