【作者】 张晋；

【导师】 王向荣；

【作者基本信息】 北京林业大学 ， 风景园林， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 城市发展与城市化所带来的问题一直是世界各国学者关注与研究的主要领域之一。当下中国作为世界城市化的主要阵地,城市建设与自然之间的矛盾也突出地显现出来,这个矛盾较为集中地体现在大规模的新城建设领域,那么如何在新城建设过程中深刻地认识城市与自然的关系并通过某种途径使得城市与自然能够很好地融合就显得尤为必要,无疑绿地作为一种同时具有城市与自然属性的媒介能够成为缓解矛盾冲突并促进两者融合的平台。对于西方发达国家来说,城市化已经进入尾声,尤其是大规模的新城建设也都经过了高潮时期,那么作为后来者的中国新城建设,是否能够很好地了解国外新城及其绿地建设的历史与问题并在此基础之上结合本国情况在新城绿地建设上发挥后发优势,形成针对于解决城市与自然关系问题的绿地结构与体系就成为了本文研究的核心。论文以文献资料收集、矛盾分析、系统分析、归纳总结、理论联系实际为主要研究方法,主要分为四个大的部分：城市与自然关系的讨论与风景园林的新使命；新城及其绿地建设的历史发展与问题研究；绿地整合模式的提出和新城绿地整合体系的构建。首先：将新城建设置于城市与自然关系演变的大背景中,通过城市雏形时期、农耕文明时期、工业文明时期和生态文明时期的阶段性划分,确定了城市与自然融合理念在当下的回归,同时分析风景园林在不同阶段的参与方式与作用,确立其在城市与自然的融合趋势下的导向性作用。其次：针对新城梳理其城市及绿地建设的发展脉络,探究两者的相互影响与新城绿地建设的阶段性问题。再次：在前两部分的基础上提出新城绿地要发挥系统性的整合作用,提出针对整合理念的设计价值观,并对整合的对象、新城绿地发挥整合作用的优势和绿地整合的理论借鉴进行阐释。最后：提出建立针对城市与自然融合的新城绿地整体体系,将其划分为绿地作为区域生态保护的整合、绿地作为城市与自然中间领域的整合和绿地作为连接与渗透结构的整合等3个不同层次,从意义、范畴、具体方法3个方面对各个层面进行阐述。本研究的主要创新之处：1、将城市、自然、风景园林的相互作用置于不同文明发展阶段之中进行系统性梳理。2、将新城作为当下城市与自然关系矛盾的重点,突出新城绿地与新城不同发展阶段所应用的城市规划理论与形态之间的关系与相互影响,弥补以往对于新城绿地研究的不足。3、将系统论中的整合观点与新城绿地的建设相结合并将其作为新城绿地建设中解决城市与自然矛盾的核心理念,提出较为完整的针对城市与自然的新城绿地整合体系。更多还原

【Abstract】 Urban development and urbanization has always been one of the main research field that concerns scholars around the world. As a main position of the world urbanization, China is faced with the obvious contradiction between urban construction and nature, which is particularly reflected in the field of large-scale urban construction. As a result, it would be extremely significant that the relationship between city and nature is profoundly understood and they should somehow be combined in the process of new town construction. There is no doubt that green space as a medium with both urban and natural properties, can ease the conflicts and promote their combination.For western developed countries, the urbanization is coming to an end and the climax of the massive new town construction has passed. Considering that China is a latecomer in this process, It becomes the core of this research whether we can understand the history of the construction of the new towns and their green spaces in foreign countries and combine it with our own national condition to take the late-development advantages and therefore form the structure and system addressing the problems of the relationship between city and natureThis paper uses literature data collection, contradiction analysis, system analysis, generalization and summarization, theory with practice as key research methods, and has4main parts:discussion of the relationship between city and nature and the new mission of landscape architecture; the history and problems of the construction of the new towns and their green spaces. The proposal green spaces integration pattern and the construction of the new town green spaces integration system. Firstly, take new town construction into the background of the relationship evolution between city and nature. Though the stage division of the city rudiment period, the period of agricultural civilization, industrial civilization and ecological civilization, the concept of combining city and nature is rediscovered, the way of the participation of landscape architecture in each stage is analyzed and the guiding role of landscape architecture in the combination is confirmed. Secondly, the development vein of the construction of new towns and their open spaces is teased out while the interaction between them and the way of the construction of green spaces in phases is studied. Thirdly, on the basis of the study above, the systematic integration function of new town green spaces and the value addressing at the concept of integration are proposed. The objects of integration, the advantage of the integration function of new town green spaces and the theories of green space integration are explained. Finally, the new town green spaces integration system which addresses at the combination of city and nature is proposed, which is divided to3levels:green spaces as the integration of regional ecological protection, green spaces as the integration of the territory between city and nature and green spaces as the integration of the structure of connection and infiltration. Each level is explained in the aspect of meaning, range and concrete means.The main innovation of this study:1.Taking the interaction of the city, nature and landscape architecture into different stages of civilization development.2.Taking new town as the focus of the contradiction between the city and nature, highlighting the relationship and interaction of new town green spaces and urban planning theories and forms in different development stage, which has filled the gaps in the study of new town green spaces.3.Combining the concept of integration in system theory and the construction of new town green spaces, which is regarded as the core concept of resolving the contradiction between the city and nature, and the comparatively completed new town green spaces integration system which addresses at the combination of city and nature is proposed更多还原