【作者】 赵杰；

【导师】 郅庭瑾；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 教育经济与管理， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 现阶段,我国农村义务教育已经由以撤点并校为主导的资源重组模式进入以学校自主性发展为核心的新阶段。为促进教育公平,实现城乡教育均衡发展的宏伟目标,学界对我国农村教育展开了大量的研究。本文以我国中部地区的农村中心学校为具体的研究对象,基于实证研究,充分了解农村中心学校的生存现状,并在此基础上找到农村中心学校的发展出路。本研究以跨学科研究为主要的方法论范式,综合运用文献研究法、历史研究法、问卷调查法、比较研究法等多种研究方法,对农村中心学校发展的历史进程、基本特征、生存现状等进行归纳,并借鉴管理学、教育学、经济学、社会学、伦理学等学科的理论观点和分析框架对造成农村中心学校现实困境的原因进行系统研究,以期为农村中心学校的发展提供较合理的建议。农村中心学校的生存现状堪忧,其中,学校的办学条件、学生管理和教师管理都面临着巨大挑战,究其根源主要有以下四个维度的原因：第一,农村经济发展水平的总体滞后制约了学校的发展；第二,政府对教育责任的推卸影响了学校的发展；第三,学校办学理念的偏差阻碍了学校的发展；第四,保障机制设计的简单化限制了学校的发展。农村中心学校在发展中应遵循“扬长避短、创新发展”的基本思路,从深入挖掘并发挥学校的本位优势、构建长效性的外部经费保障机制和内部管理机制、积极探索学校的可持续发展新模式三个角度寻求学校的内涵式发展。具体包括：第一,充分认识到师资数量、生源多样性、经费使用和地缘的相对优势,有效发挥学校的集中管理特色,并履行资源共享中心的义务,带动农村义务教育的全面进步；第二,提升经费管理的规范化水平,并充分寻求社会各界的经费资源,创新经费的预算编制,使有限的资金得到充分利用；第三,进一步完善教师的职称评定体系,提升学校的标准化建设水平,特别要强化校车的安全管理,推广国有化与市场化相结合的校车运营新模式；第四,结合学校实际,从发展基点、发展环境、发展策略和调节系统四个方面重新构建学校发展新模式。本文的研究特色与主要创新包括：第一,理论视角的多元性。本研究从教育经济学、教育社会学和教育管理学三个理论视角切入到农村中心学校的发展生态,并分别从农村中心学校的规模经济效益、社会化功能和学校发展三个维度综合概述了农村中心学校的发展现状与理想出路；②研究方法的多元化。本文综合运用历史研究、文献研究、调查研究等多种方法,并基于大量的定量分析,对农村中心学校的历史进程、基本特征、生存现状、问题原因等提供殷实的证据,结合学校实际,为农村中心学校的发展提供较合理的建议；③个别研究结论的独创性。如农村中心学校发展历程的六阶段划分,农村中心学校发展建议中发挥学校本位优势、创新经费预算编制、探索学校的可持续发展模式等都具备一定的创新性。更多还原

【Abstract】 At this stage, rural compulsory education in China has transformed its mode from revoking and merging school removed as the leading into a new stage with the school autonomy development as the core which had ever rely on reorganization of resources. To promote the educational equality and achieve the goal of balanced development of urban and rural education, scholars had carried out a large amount of research on China’s rural education. This paper takes Rural Center Schools in the central region of our country as the research object, based on empirical research, aims to fully understand the survival status of Rural Center School and find out its development method.The main research methods of this paper include:interdisciplinary research paradigm, the integrated use of literature research method, historical research method, questionnaire survey method, statistical analysis of various research methods, comparative analysis,etc. By describing the Rural Center School’s development history, summarizing its basic characteristics and living conditions, adopting theoretical viewpoints and analysis framework of management science, pedagogy, economics, sociology, ethics and other disciplines for a systematic study on the causes of the Rural Center School practical difficulties, so as to provide reasonable suggestions to develop the Rural Center School.The present survival situation of Rural Center School is worrying, the management of students and teachers, the school of management, the school condition, are facing great challenges, the root causes mainly include the following four dimensions:first, the overall level of economic development in rural areas restricted the development of school; second, the lacking of government’s responsibilities for education affected the development of the school; third, deviation of school running idea hindered the development of the school; fourth, the simplification of the design of security mechanism the development of the school.Rural Center School should uphold the basic ideas of " Make best use of the advantages and bypass the disadvantages, and development through innovation " in the development, performing the basic advantages of shcool, establishing external funding mechanisms and internal management mechanism, and actively exploring a new model of the sustainable development of the school,and connotation type development for the school. Specific measures include:first, fully recognize the relative advantage of students and teachers’quantity, diversity, the use of funds and geographic advantages, effectively perform the features of school management, and fulfill the obligations of resource sharing center, so as to make comprehensive progress to promote rural compulsory education; second, to enhance the level of specification funds management, and fully seek the social funding sources, innovate the budgeting of funds, so that the limited funds could be fully utilized; third, to further improve the title evaluation system of teachers, improve standardization level of schools, especially to strengthen safety management of the school bus, promoting a new school bus operation mode conbined by nationalization and marketization; fourth, combined with the school realities, rebuilding a new school development model concerning the four factors of development basis, development environment, development strategy and regulation system construction.The research features and the main innovations include:first, diversity theory perspective. The research cut in the development of Ecological Rural Center School from the perspective of education economics, sociology and education management, and from the Rural Center School scale benefit, social function and the development of the school in three dimensions, offered a comprehensive overview of the Rural Center School development present situation and the ideal way. Second, the diversification of the research methods., This paper uses historical research, literature research, survey research and other methods, based on the analysis of a large number of quantitative analysis, to provide substantial evidence of the historical process, the basic characteristics of the Rural Center School, living situation and the cause of the problems. and based on the reality of school, provide reasonable suggestions for the development of the Rural Center School; third, the originality of the individual research conclusion. Such as the division of six development stages of the Rural Center School, play advantage, school-based innovation funds budgeting, explore the sustainable development of the school pattern provides some innovative suggestions on the development of the Rural Center school.更多还原