【作者】 赵晋；

【导师】 杨奎松；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 中国近现代史， 2014， 博士

【副题名】以上海刘鸿生家族章华毛绒纺织公司为个案的考察

【摘要】 本文以上海著名商人、民族资本家刘鸿生家族的核心企业章华毛纺公司为中心,尝试具体考察私营工业企业在新中国建国初期命运转折的过程。刘鸿生像众多中国民族资本家一样,早年是靠给外国资本家做买办逐渐创业起家的。也像几乎所有中国民族资本一样,他及其家族的生产事业同样经历了从辛亥革命,到北伐战争,再到中日战争等一系列国家政治的大变动,在革命、战乱、政权颠覆、军阀横行、外资挤压等无穷困扰的夹缝中艰难求生。即便是刘家创办较晚的章华毛纺公司,也不得不在中日战争和国共内战中备受颠沛动荡之苦。刘氏企业,包括章华毛纺公司所以能生存到1949年,全靠刘家上下坚持实业道路的顽强毅力和刘鸿生灵活机动的经营谋略。面对中共建国执政的新形势,刘家像从前一样曾经抱有继续坚持在家族企业的基础上发展实业的想法。从1949年5月解放军进占上海,刘家被劝说留在大陆继续经营生产事业,到1954年夏天刘家不得不带头将章华毛纺公司交政府“公私合营”,刘氏家族和章华毛纺公司的命运可谓一波三折、跌宕起伏,足以成为中国民族企业1949年前后命运变迁的一种真实写照。本文以档案文献为主,结合其他相关史料,着重对章华毛纺织公司在中共建国后的境遇及其改变进行实证的考察。希望透过刘氏家族为适应新形势,挽救章华毛纺公司命运进行的种种变革,以及最终面对新中国特殊的经济政治体制和中共所有制改造的强大压力,不得不放弃努力,交出企业的辗转经过的研究,对当年中国民族资本及其民族工商业历史命运终结的深层次原因,有所说明。全文共分为三个部分,即绪论、正文和结语,其中正文部分共分六章。第一章是对刘鸿生家族情况、中国近代毛纺织业的兴革和章华毛绒纺织公司的地位及影响的总体介绍。重点叙述身处国共政权易手的历史大变革时代,章华毛纺公司的困境和刘鸿生对毛纺业的抱负与期待。第二章讲述刘鸿生家族同新政权的最初合作及其结果,章华毛纺公司不但未能因国毛联购会的成立而解决最迫切的原料需求,反而由于新政权增加城市工商业税和发行折实公债导致极端困难的局面。第三章讲述1950年中共中央调整工商业在毛纺业的具体推行以及种种举措对于刘鸿生家族和章华公司的实际影响和切实感受。第四章重点剖析刘鸿生家族以及章华资方人员面对建国初期的企业困境从解决原料、扭转经营方针、节省开支成本、拓展市场以及转变生产方向等多方面所进行的变革,以及种种变革所产生的实际效果。第五章的重点在于分析镇压反革命运动特别是1952年的“三反”、“五反”运动对于刘鸿生家族和章华毛纺织公司所产生的种种影响,揭示新中国初期政治运动同私营工商业走向公私合营的必然关联。最后一章的中心在于讲述章华毛纺公司走向公私合营的前因后果来龙去脉,以及探讨造成刘鸿生交出章华的多重因素和深刻原因。更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper centers on Shanghai famous businessman and national capitalists hongsheng Liu’s core enterprise Zhanghua wool spinning company, tries to study the private industrial enterprises life-changing process at the beginning of PRC. Hongsheng Liu, like many of China’s national capitalists, started his business as a comprador in the early time, and like almost all Chinese national capitalists, he and his family enterprise also experienced from the Xinhai Revolution, the Northern Expedition, to the sino-japanese war, and a series of national political upheaval, struggling to survive in the circumstances of revolution, war, subversion, warlords and foreign capital extrusion. Even Liu’s Zhanghua woolen company, which started relatively late in his life, had to undergo highly turbulent unrest in the sino-japanese war and the kuomintang civil war. The reason why Liu’s enterprises, including Zhanghua wool spinning company could live to1949, was that Liu and his whole family got the tenacious perseverance for the industrial dream, and the flexible business strategy. Facing the new situation of the new communist ruler, Liu also adhered to the industrial belief as before, while the reality made a great joke on him. In May1949the people’s liberation army marched in Shanghai, Liu was persuaded to stay in and continued to run his enterprise, but by the summer of1954, Liu had to hand his Zhanghua wool spinning company over to the country as the example of "public-private partnership". The fate of Liu’s family and ZhangHua woolen company experiences ups and downs, became a true reflection of national enterprise’s fate change before and after1949.This paper gives priority to the documents, and combines with other related historical materials, mainly makes an empirical research on ZhangHua wool spinning company’s circumstances after the founding of PRC. Through describing the endeavors of Liu’s adapting to the new situation, saving Zhanghua’s woolen company’s fate, and the great pressure facing the new China’s special economic and political system and the ownership transformation, and the fate of ultimately having no choice but to hand over the enterprise, through this process, this paper wants to analyzes the reason why the Chinese national capital and national industry and commerce’s history fate was to come to an end.The full text is divided into three parts, namely, introduction, text and epilogue, and the body is divided into six chapters. The first chapter is about the general introduction of hongsheng Liu and his family, the modern Chinese wool textile industry developments and reforms and status of Zhanghua wool spinning company, which focuses on the company’s plight and Liu’s aspiration and expectation in the era of a revolution in the history of the kuomintang regime change. The second chapter tells the initial cooperation and the results between Liu’s family and the new regime, Zhanghua woolen company didn’t solve the most pressing demand of raw materials for the establishment of Domestic Wool Joint Procurement Agency, but due to the increasing city industrial and commercial tax and the regime’s other bonds, Zhanghua was faced with extremely difficult situation. The third chapter tells about a serious of readjusting policy on woolen industry which the new regime carried out in1950and the effects on Liu’s family and his company. The fourth chapter mainly analyzes Liu and Zhanghua’s kinds of efforts to solve the raw material shortage, reverse operation policy, save the costs, expand market, and shift production direction, as well as the practical effect produced by the changes. The fifth chapter focuses on the effects of suppressing counterrevolution, especially the "three antis movement " and ""five antis movement""in1952on Liu’s family and his company, reveals the inner connection between political movements in early China and private industry’s history fate to be public-private partnerships. The center of the last chapter is about ZhangHua wool spinning company’s great change of ownership, details the ins and outs of the public-private partnerships, and explores the multiple factors and profound reasons of Liu’s surrender of handing over.更多还原