【作者】 但柳松；

【导师】 李素敏；

【作者基本信息】 天津师范大学 ， 教育史， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 公共学校运动是美国教育史上的关键事件,它上承殖民地时期以来新英格兰地区的教育传统,下启19世纪末之后的美国教育改革。如果进行深度追溯,当前美国教育的发展变化大多可以从公共学校运动中找到源头。只有对公共学校运动有一定的了解,才能更好地理解当前美国的教育改革与发展。新中国成立以来,中国多次进行教育改革,并取得了举世瞩目的成就。但在发展的过程中,中国教育也积累了一些问题,并随着形势的变化面临新的挑战和困难。了解美国公共学校运动的发展变化过程,有助于更好地借鉴美国公立学校发展的经验和教训,解决当前中国基础教育中存在的一些问题。本研究主要包括以下几方面的内容：绪论,介绍选题缘由、文献综述、概念界定、研究内容与方法以及创新点和局限性。第一章,公共学校运动的背景。社会背景包括政治、经济、人口、宗教等因素。教育背景主要是指殖民地时期教育对公共学校运动的影响,托马斯·杰斐逊、本杰明·拉什、诺亚·韦伯斯特等建国先贤普及教育的构想,导生制、星期日学校、免费学校等普及教育的先期实践。第二章,公共学校运动的勃兴。介绍贺拉斯·曼、亨利·巴纳德等代表人物的教育思想、教育体制的创新、教育世俗化的演进、公共学校与教师队伍的变化。第三章,公共学校运动的延续。主要分析美国内战至19世纪末南北方公共学校的发展状况。第四章,公共学校运动的意义。介绍公共学校运动与近代美国教育转型——公共学校运动奠定了美国现代学校教育制度的基础,促进了各级教育的发展,并指出公共学校运动的局限；公共学校运动与当代美国教育发展——公立学校与移民同化、教育机会均等、宗教之间的关系。结语,探讨了社会共识对教育改革的重要性、学校社会功能的局限性及公共学校运动对中国基础教育改革的启示。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Common School Movement is a critical event in American history of education. It carried on some New England traditions in the colonial period and enlightened the educational reform after the end of the19th century. What happens today in American education always has its origins in the Common School Movement if we look deep in to it. To understand the reform and development in the United States, we have to know something about the Common School Movement.The People’s Republic of China have experienced several educational reforms and made great progress after its foundation. But we still have some problems and face new challenges and difficulties in the new situation. To study the Common School Movement is helpful for us to learn experience and lessons from the development of American Public Schools, to solve the problems in China’s basic education.These are the context of the study:Preface introduces the reason for choose the topic, the literature review, the concept definition, the context and methods, innovation points and limitations. Chapter1concerns on the background of the Common School Movement. There are social backgrounds including political, economic, demographic and religious factors. The educational backgrounds are the influence of education in the colonial period, the ideas about universal education of such American Fathers as Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Rush and Noah Webster, the preliminary practice of universal education like the Sunday school and free school which adopted the monitor system. Chapter2focuses on the rising and development of the Common School Movement, including the educational ideas of the representatives such as Horace Mann and Henry Barnard, the innovation of the educational system, the secularization of education, the changes of common schools and the teachers. Chapter3concerns on the continuance of the Common School Movement, which introduces the changes of common schools between American Civil War and the end of the19th century. Chapter4talks about the meaning of the Common School Movement. There are close connections between the Common School Movement and the modern American education transform. The Common School Movement laid a good foundation for American modern school system, promoted the development of education in all levels. There were also some limitations in the Common School Movement. The Common School Movement also influences today’s American education in such areas as the relation between public schools and the assimilation of immigration, the equality of educational opportunity, religion. Conclusion discusses the importance of social consensus to educational reform, the limitation of schools’ social function, and the revelation of the Common School Movement to the basic educational reform in China.更多还原