【作者】 高江菡；

【导师】 周曦；

【作者基本信息】 北京林业大学 ， 城市规划与设计， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 湿地,是大自然中一类独特的自然景观,是协调全球生态系统平衡的宝贵自然资源,也是与人们生活环境关系密切的重要生态系统类型。自2004年起,我国开始以湿地公园的保护方式来加强湿地抢救性保护力度,住房与城乡建设部的城市湿地公园即其中一种重要类型。十年来,在我国快速城市化过程中,城市湿地公园协调湿地保护与城市发展需求平衡的关系中,已经起的和即将起的重要作用均是不可忽视的。然而,审视现实,当前的城市湿地公园设计理论与实践中均存在诸多问题且相关设计实践仍处于瓶颈状态。湿地概念的理解与使用泛化与混杂,政策上定位指标体系导向存在一定的盲区,均导致了后续设计实践问题的出现。在当前快速城市化进程中,湿地常作为实现城市“生态”发展、“立竿见影”解决城市生态环境问题的设计元素而介入一般的设计实践中,同时大量的湿地与公园结合以进行保护与利用,导致设计中出现一些设计困境与问题,甚至出现“伪湿地”的现象。目前,有些问题可以通过设计手段避免与处理,而有些却难以解决。针对当前城市湿地公园设计中存在的问题,本文首先明确所讨论的城市湿地公园概念的内涵与外延,从湿地、湿地与公园,国家城市湿地公园与国家湿地公园的相关概念辨析入手,明确对湿地概念的科学与管理层面的理解,并对住建部与林业局下的两大湿地公园申报系统进行对比。第二,对湿地的自然属性进行讨论,明确湿地生态系统的原理、特征与分类,及其脆弱性,讨论湿地与设计之间的关联,并对当前湿地与公园结合的设计困境进行探讨；第三,针对湿地与“生态设计”的概念理解与应用误区进行分析,对当前常见的湿地“生态设计”进行思考,并且在城市湿地公园的常规设计基础上寻求符合生态学基本规律的设计衍生；第四,对我国城市湿地公园实践中常见的设计问题进行探讨,对用地形态、不良设计倾向、设计控制等方面存在的问题进行分析；最后,针对我国城市湿地公园设计中所存在的问题提出相应的对策,深入探讨适应当前建设的城市湿地公园总体设计方法,以求能对现有的设计导则进行强化与补充。本文通过以上探索与研究,以期能够正确认识湿地的概念,明确湿地概念在园林设计中的谨慎使用。同时,认识到湿地这一脆弱的生态系统所具有的特征,明确湿地与“生态”的关系,以及与公园性质结合所应该注意的问题。最终提出的设计对策建议与总体设计方法,将解决问题的方法具体落实于设计技术层面之中,以期能解决当前城市湿地公园实践中常见的设计问题。湿地是一类复杂的研究对象,而城市湿地公园由于有着独特的城市环境背景与联系则更为复杂,并且涉及了多学科范畴,这也是目前的理论研究与实践层面存在困难的一大原因。城市湿地公园在本文有限的篇幅中对于所有问题的讨论无法做到面面俱到,有所遗漏之处还望能抛砖引玉,倘若能引起一定的思考也是本文研究的目的与意义所在,以求在混杂中寻求如何以更真实与更科学的态度来进行研究与实践,以更为谨慎的态度来推进这一长期、复杂且艰巨的进程。更多还原

【Abstract】 Wetland, distinctive Landscape features found in alomost all parts of the world, is a valuable resource keeping the global ecosystem’s balance, which is bound up with the human living condition. From2004, China has been to strengthen the emergent protection of wetland by Wetland Park. And urban wetland park has comprised one of an important part, which amnaged by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development (MOHURD). In the rapid and particular progress of urbanization in China for the decade, urban wetland park has been to and is going to play an important role that cannot be ignored, coordinating the relationship between wetland protection and urban development.However, nowadays there are lots of problems in theory research and design practice of the urban wetland park, which faces the development bottle-neck. Firstly, concept of wetland and the wetland parks, is generalized and confused and policy in system of indicative orientation has some shadow region, which causes following up many problems in design and practice. Secondly, in a rapid development urbanization process in China, wetland is regarded as effective form that can achieve ecological development and solve the ecological environmental problems, and involving in lots of wetland design cases. Vast majority wetlands and public parks combined together as the wetland park causing lots of design dilemmas and problems, even causing a fake-wetland phenomenon. Some problem can be avoided and handle in design, but some are unavoidable.Aiming at those issues above, the article defines the concept of urban wetland park firstly, comparing concepts of a wetland park and a public park, concepts of a national urban wetland park and a national wetland park., understanding concepts of wetland in the scientific and administrative level, comparing the two declaring system of wetland park in MOHURD and State Forestry Administration, P. R. China. Secondly, the paper has discussed natural feature of wetland, understanding basic ecological principle, its vulnerable features and classifications of wetland ecosystem, discussed combination between wetland and design, and design dilemma of integrating special characters of wetland habitat and public parks in China. Thirdly, to analyze concept of ecological design and special concept wetland ecological design is necessary in China, because of misunderstanding of these concept causing lots of special applying problem. And then exploring derived design based on conventional design following basic ecological principles. Fourthly, shape of sites, unreasonable tendency and design controls are discussing, to reveal common problems in urban wetland park design practice in China. Finally, the article proposes some related strategies on solving the questions in the progress of China’s urban wetland park design, discussing the methods of design of urban wetland parks, hoping to strengthen and supplement the guidelines of design.By discussing and researching problems and aspects above, presenting a result that understanding and applying wetlands correctly both in concepts and features is necessary in design in China nowadays. And understanding the common problems and solving in design by general design of urban wetland park is a vital part today.Wetland is a kind of complicated object of study. Because of the unique background and relationship in the modern city environment, urban wetland parks are more complicated than the wetland, for it involves many subjects, and that is why current theory and practice has many problems. The article cannot give mature consideration to all aspects of these questions in the limited words. Omissions may be well done in the future by others. If this article can arouse people to think, it is the meaning of it. The author hopes to seek the truth from all the chaos and use more scientific and authentic attitude to do the research, pushing on the progress of this subject.更多还原