【作者】 王鑫；

【导师】 余玉花；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 思想政治教育， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 人际交往诚信是社会成员之间存在的诚实、信用与信任等关系的综合体。人际交往诚信不仅能够推动社会成员人际关系顺利开展,还能降低人们交往的成本,使交往双方免于复杂的信任机制的困扰,能够提升人际交往的效率,积累人际交往的社会资本,增强社会成员竞争力,促进社会和谐,提升国家形象。然而,随着经济快速发展和社会交往方式的变化,人际交往诚信日渐成为一种稀缺的社会资源,冲击着社会信任与交往模式。人际交往诚信已经成为一个需要研究的现实课题,这促使本论文从理论上去探讨如下问题：面对社会转型和文化变迁,人际交往诚信发生了哪些模式转变,如何看待当前人际交往诚信中存在的诸多问题,人际交往失信背后的根源是什么,以及怎样建设新的人际交往诚信模式。人际交往诚信是一个过程,这一过程包括交往诚信的发生环节、发展演变环节和反馈环节等,是社会成员交往诚信由观念到思维,到情感,到信念,再到行为和习惯养成的过程。根据亲疏程度不同,人际交往诚信的主体可分为家人、熟人、半熟人、陌生人等类型,不同类型的交往主体有着不同的诚信行为促动力量。人际交往诚信行为的产生动力至少包括以利益原则为代表的工具理性因素,以道德原则为代表的价值理性因素,和以情感为代表的非理性因素。利益原则是人际交往诚信产生的基础动因,道德原则是人际交往诚信发生的内隐动力,情感等非理性因素是人际交往诚信的稳定剂。首先,利益原则广泛存在于各类人际交往的群体中,家人之间的诚信交往能够使家庭成员获取真实的信息,降低家人之间交往的风险,实现家人共同的幸福；熟人和半熟人处于某种固定的“圈子”,诚信者能够赢得圈内稳定的地位,获得相应的利益；陌生人之间的诚信交往具有极强的利益计算特征,为了避免因失信受到制度惩罚而不得不选择诚信交往。其次,道德理性不同程度地存在于各类社会群体中,家人之间拥有最为强烈的道德理性,欺骗家人被社会视作最令人不齿的行为,熟人、半熟人在做出诚信行为时往往将利益和道德同时考虑进来,陌生人之间的交往诚信则略带道德色彩,它们更多地考虑趋利避害的因素。最后,情感动因是人们做出诚信行为不可忽视的重要推力,家人和熟人之间的真挚情感常作为彼此以诚相待的重要出发点,半熟人和陌生人之间则缺乏深厚感情,相应起到较弱的推动作用。在人际交往失信的根源问题上,人们从“成本——收益”的角度对自身是否选择诚信加以权衡,综合考虑制度环境、体制约束、良心等因素后,一旦失信能带来更大利益时,不少人选择了“主动欺骗”他人,于是,外在的利益权衡或成本计算成为人际交往失信的重要根源。还有一些人缺乏诚信的道德观念,造成诚信交往的“内驱力”匮乏,甚至缺乏明辨是非曲直的能力,并造成交往主体诚信道德底线屡屡遭到破坏。另外,一些人深受传统文化的负面因素影响,认为“老实人吃亏”,深受“权变”文化影响,将诚信交往视作可有可无的工具而己,在交往中肆意贬低诚信的固有价值。社会是否公正、制度是否合理、法律是否健全、教育是否到位、习俗是否向善,这些问题是人际交往失信根源的具体存在形式。人际交往诚信的“优序”是一种新型的交往诚信模式,这一模式包括良好的社会诚信环境,有着导向公平正义的社会制度和法律规范,有着全方位、深入开展的诚信道德教育体系,使得社会成员能够“内外兼修”,不仅受到外部规范的有效制约,更拥有鲜明的诚信道德品质及道德情感体验。在“优序”状态下,受到公正的社会制度环境和成功模式的影响,加之诚信的道德教化和情感促动,人们会“绝对地”做出诚信行为,这是重建人际交往诚信的目标。围绕这一目标,我们需要提升人际交往失信的成本,同时降低人际交往守信的成本,要将诚信观念内化于心,外化于行,优化政务及体制因素的引领功能,发挥诚信教育的作用。此外要对传统文化中的诚信资源予以有效梳理,强化人际交往诚信的行为习惯,注重情感等非理性因素的作用,从而全面整合导向诚信的多方力量。更多还原

【Abstract】 As the concept of modern society,’Integrity’ is a complex of honesty, credit, and trust. Interpersonal integrity is not only the smoothly premise of social members’ relationships, it can also reduce the cost of communication. Furthermore, integrity makes people out of the complex mechanism and can improve the efficiency of the interpersonal communication. It can accumulate interpersonal social capital, strengthen the competitiveness of the social members, promote social harmony, improve the image of the country.However, with the rapid economic development and social changes, interpersonal integrity has become a scarce social resources, impacting the social trust and interaction model. Researching on interpersonal integrity has become a realistic subject, and we have to discuss the following problems: in the face of social transformation and cultural change, what had happened to the interpersonal trust model, and how to view the current problems existing in the interpersonal integrity, and what is the key reason behind the interpersonal integrity, and how to build the new mode of interpersonal integrity system.Interpersonal integrity is a complete system, the system includes a communication link, a evolution link and a feedback loop. It is a process of from thinking, to the emotion, to the belief, behavior and habits. Depending on the degree of closeness, interpersonal integrity subjects can be divided into family, acquaintances, half acquaintances, and strangers. Different types of communicative subjects have different actuating force integrity behavior.Interpersonal integrity’ driving forces at least include interest principle of tool rational factors, moral principle of rational value factors, and the irrational factors represented by emotion. Interest principle is the foundation of interpersonal integrity, Moral principle is the implicit motive, emotion is the stabilizer of interpersonal integrity. First of all, the principle of interest exists widely in all kinds of interpersonal group, and relationship between family integrity can make family members get the true information, can reduce the risk of the relationship between family members,can achieve the happiness of the family; Acquaintances are in a fixed’circle’, Honest people will win friends and stable position. They can get the corresponding interests; Strangers’ relationship integrity has strong’computing interest’ characteristics. In order to avoid punishment, they have to choose the good faith. Secondly, the moral reason to different degrees exists in all kinds of social groups. Family members have the most powerful moral reason, cheating family is the most despicable behavior. The social acquaintances tend to make both benefits and morality into consideration at the same time. Strangers consider more benefits but less moral factors. Finally, emotional motivation is one of the important thrust can not be ignored. Sincere feelings between family and acquaintances are important factors of interpersonal integrity. Strangers and semi-acquaintances are lack of deep feelings.On the root of the broken promises, people try to find reason from the angle of ’cost-benefit’. They consider factors such as institutional environment, institutional constraints, conscience, once the promise that can bring them more benefits, many people chose to cheat others. Then, the external benefits balance or cost becomes the important root of interpersonal faithless. Some people who are lack of morality of honesty, and even lack of the ability of distinguishing between right and wrong, they choose to cheat others. In addition, some people are influenced by the negative factors of traditional culture, thinking ’honest man cheated’, they also choose to cheat others.Interpersonal integrity ’optimal sequence’ is a kind of ideal state. In the condition of the optimal sequence, fair social system environment and the successful model, people would ’absolutely’ choose integrity. This is the goal of the reconstruction of interpersonal integrity. Around this goal, we need to increase costs of cheating, and reduce the cost of integrity. At the same time, we need to learn good faith idea in heart, externalized in our activity, optimize the leading function of government and the system factors. We need to make sure that traditional culture resources are effective, to strengthen the interpersonal behavior habits, and pay attention to the role of irrational factors such as emotion, etc.更多还原