【作者】 王瑶；

【导师】 许纪霖； Frédéric ATTAl；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 专门史， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 法国思想家卢梭是影响中国近代社会最深的西方哲人之一,本博士论文题即围绕他的思想在近代中国传播和接受的历程而创。本文试图建构一个“卢梭与中国近代思想世界”的整体性阐说,这个“整体性”体现在两个方面：首先,“整体性”意味着卢梭思想的整体性,不仅仅局限于他的政治思想在中国近代社会的传播；其次,“整体性”也表示研究对象的整体性,不仅仅局限于某些政治精英文化精英对卢梭的解读,更希望将视角放落在大众文化的层面,希望获得一个更丰富更客观的研究。文章在史料选择方面尽可能避免思想史研究的传统素材,更多采纳晚清期刊报纸,大众文化作品等,在讨论卢梭思想与绅士阶层时,选择了清末科举材料作为立论基础,成为此研究课题上的史料突破。本文在论述方法上采取了部分计量统计,从时间、出版者等角度进行分析,将论文议题于社会舆论界的发展历程紧密联系在一起,做到语境化的考察。论文的第一部分通过所搜集的两百多篇提及卢梭思想的文献,根据时间、作者、种类等角度,分析卢梭思想在晚清社会传播的基本历程,将整个传播历程与革命派、立宪派的思想竞争紧密联合。文章的第二部分聚焦于知识精英对卢梭思想的接受与理解。通过史料库的数据整理,笔者认为梁启超作为晚清宣扬卢梭思想用力最勤者,他对卢梭思想的接受存在一个从赞美到怀疑直至批判的非稳定历程,然而从人类文明发展史的角度,梁启超始终“稳定”立场,赞扬卢梭对人类智识的贡献。革命派的知识精英存在着一个宣传卢梭思想的渐进模式,他们的宣传体系从浅入深,覆盖社会各个阶层人群,起到一个全面宣传的作用。严复虽在政治哲学层面批判卢梭思想的唯理性和虚妄性,然而他也认同作为教育家的卢梭的贡献。论文第三部分通过大众文学、文艺作品,概述了卢梭思想的启蒙价值,尤其对推动女权运动中的作用；通过晚清乡试会试朱卷中“策问”部分的内容分析,论文阐述了卢梭作为教育者和政治学家在绅士阶层中的分裂评价,表明了绅士阶层作为传统社会秩序维护者在晚清遭遇的思想挑战及应对。更多还原

【Abstract】 J.-J.Rousseau is one of the most important philosophers for the Chinese intellectuals in the20th century. This study focuses firstly on different groups of society, not only the intellectuals, but also average people and how they were inspired by Rousseau. Secondly, the historical materials the author employed are not limited to political commentaries, academic articles, but also included a number of novels, plays or other literary works. In order to provide a complete interpretation of this subject, the author employed especially the imperial exam papers in the late Qing, which is a breakthrough of the early studies in the similar subject. Over all speaking, this thesis is an excellent exploration of the themes which author sets, but there are still some prombles which should be modified for further study, such as the content about the complexity of the thinking of Rousseau.The first part of the thesis collects more than two hundred historical documents mentioned Rousseau. By analyzing the historical source according to the time, the authors and the species, the thesis reveals an overall historical course how the Rousseau’s ideas spread in the late Qing Dynasty. The second part of the article focuses on the intellectual elite and how they accept and understand Rousseau’s thoughts. According to the historical database of this thesis, at late Qing, Liang Qichao is the intellectual who advocated the most the ideas of Rousseau His attitude towards Rousseau turns from the praise to suspect and finally to criticize, but from the perspective of the history of human civilization, Liang always holds a’stable’position towards Rousseau. The revolutionary intellectual elites have an special mode in propagation of Rousseau’s thoughts. Their propaganda system is from shallow to deep, covering all sectors of society crowd. Yan Fu, although he criticized the political philosophy of Rousseau, also recognized the contribution of Rousseau as educator. The third part deals with the popular literature, literary works, which reveals an overview how the Enlightenment values of Rousseau thought inspiring the Chinese at late Qing. By analyzing the imperial exam papers, especially in the part of "policy question", the thesis discovers a split phenomenon in the class of the gentry, which shows the challenges and their answers of the gentry as defenders of the traditional social order at the late Qing Dynasty.更多还原