【作者】 孙磊；

【导师】 董惠江；

【作者基本信息】 黑龙江大学 ， 民商法学， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 环境污染问题已经成为人们社会生活所关注的热点问题，尤其是人民群众身边的污染事件最令人深恶痛绝。近几年来因居住场所周边大气污染、水污染、光污染而提起诉讼的环境污染案件频繁见诸报端，在这类问题的具体法律适用上，一般适用民法相邻关系的法律规定予以解决，即《民法通则》第83条相邻关系的规定和《物权法》相邻关系的规定，《物权法》共用9个条文规范相邻关系，较之《民法通则》有了长足进步，但是还存在着相邻关系类型不完备、一些规定不十分明确的问题。加之，现阶段环境污染范围广泛、种类日益多样化，环境污染影响的范围早已超越了传统不动产相邻的界限，因此尽快确立我国环境保护方面的环境相邻权制度意义重大。相邻关系在权利保护领域亦可称之为相邻权，传统相邻权必须以不动产相邻为权利行使之基础，是基于所有权或使用权之权利延伸，从权利属性上看并不是一项独立物权。但现实中的环境污染事件又往往发生在彼此不相邻甚至相距遥远的地理区域发生，如大气污染、水污染、电磁辐射污染等环境污染事件。我国《物权法》第90条规定，不动产权利人不得违反国家规定弃置固体废物，排放大气污染物、水污染物、噪声、光、电磁波辐射等有害物质，否则邻人有权请求停止侵害以及损害赔偿。此即德国和瑞士民法上所谓“不可量物侵害”。而这种侵权侵犯第权利是权利主体何种权利，如果说是侵犯相邻权却突破了不动产相邻的边界，这给传统的相邻权带来挑战，而侵犯环境权则于法无据。因此笔者建议基于传统相邻关系结合环境法环境权权益，确立和完善环境相邻权这一独立权利制度。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the deepening of reform and opening up, China’s economic and socialdevelopment gained the success that attract worldwide attention, the people’s materiallife level is steadily increasing, people on the living environment and the ecologicalenvironment are also grow with each passing day. But the problem of environmentalpollution and frequent incidents of environmental pollution, serious will constantlyremind people must to solve this problem, how to solve this problem using legal meanshas become a social concern. While most people cherish an undying in the social life ofthe pollution that is side of the pollution incident, in recent years around living placesthe water pollution, light pollution, air pollution and the prosecution of environmentalpollution cases are frequently appeared in newspapers, the specific application of thelaw in this kind of problem, the general use of civil law relationship between adjacent tosolve."General principles of civil law" the eighty-third stipulation:"real propertyadjacent to the parties, should be in accordance with the spirit of the production andconvenient life, solidarity, fair and reasonable, correctly handle the relations betweenadjacent section water, drainage, access, ventilation, lighting and other aspects.Adjacent to the square to obstruct or loss, shall stop the infringement, eliminate theobstruction, and compensate for the losses." In judicial practice, the Supreme People’sCourt issued the "on the implementation of the general principles of the civil lawopinion (Trial)" on the adjacent land use, natural water, drainage and other specificadjacent relations made some supplementary provisions. Promulgated2007"propertylaw",in "property law" a9of all specifications are about to adjacent relation, comparedto the "general rules of the civil law" has made considerable progress, but there are stillincomplete, adjacent relationship types exist loopholes in the system that is obviousproblem. In addition, the pollution of the environment, a wide range of speciesdiversification, has gone beyond the boundaries of traditional property adjacent, so assoon as possible to establish China’s environmental law environmental adjacent right isvery significance.In the field of protection of the rights of adjacent relation can also be called the adjacent right, the traditional adjacent right to immovable property adjacent to theexercise of the right of the foundation, is the extension of power that based onownership, from right attribute that can also be identified as the claim of right in rem.But in the reality of environmental pollution events, pollution is often occured in notadjacent to each other even occured geographically distant regions of even, such aswater pollution, electromagnetic radiation pollution and other environmental pollutionevent. China’s "property law" the ninetieth regulation, the rights holder of immovableproperty shall not be in violation of state regulations, disposal of solid waste, emissionsof atmospheric pollutants, water pollutants, noise, light, electromagnetic radiation andother harmful substances, or neighbors have the right to request the cessation of theinfringement and damages. This is the so-called "German and Swiss civil lawimmeasurable objects invasion". And this kind of tort violations of the rights of thesubject is what rights, if it is an invasion of adjacent right will break through the realestate adjacent to the boundary, will bring challenges to the traditional neighboring right,and is violation of environmental right that because there is no legal basis. So the awillbring the the neighboring right uthor suggests that the traditional relationship based onthe combination of environmental law environmental rights establish and perfect theindependent right that is the environmental adjacent right.更多还原