【作者】 李凯旋；

【导师】 王德明；

【作者基本信息】 广西师范大学 ， 中国古代文学， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 清代通俗文学中有一种很独特的文体就是流行于江浙一带的闺阁弹词,然而对她的研究却远远落后于通俗小说。在既有的研究成果中,多选名作、单部作品研究,而忽略了作品之间关系的研究。因此,选取闺阁弹词有“冠首”之称的《再生缘》及其前传《玉钏缘》、续书《再造天》、仿作《笔生花》四部作品为例,旨在通过文本解读厘清作品之间内容、形式的联系与区别,由此了解闺阁弹词的文体形成及作品思想、艺术上的承继关系,进而深化整个清代闺阁文学研究的力度。引言简单介绍了作者选题的缘起,详细论证了将清代女作者创作的长篇案头弹词命名为“闺阁弹词“的理由,指出“弹词小说”定义的不足,小说与弹词同属通俗文学大类的不同文体,弹词小说的名称不科学。且弹词兴盛的清代,闺秀作者并不以弹词为小说,而作为说唱文学甚至演唱技艺之一种。至民国初,西方小说观念输入,遂有人将弹词与小说并称,实际上二者并不能相提并论。由于女性弹词作品多在闺阁中完成,而闺阁在古代也是女性生活和创作的主要场域,因而作者提出“闺阁弹词“的概念。这在国内属于首次提出,为研究对象准确定位,也探究了一个女作者弹词研究的“元概念”问题。由于本课题研究者甚少,最后简单回顾了《再生缘》系列闺阁弹词作品关系研究的概况。正文部分共分六章。第一章重点梳理了《再生缘》及其系列作品(统称为四部闺阁弹词)的作者辨析、创作概况与版本情况,明确了作者身份和数量,作品完成大致时间,并参照现有书目材料,对各种版本的特点略加比较,指出不足。第二章论述“四部闺阁弹词”间的关系、创作目的与文体认同。结合作品的自述文对作者之间的呼应、作品的创作动机以及相关作者的文体意识和创作成就感深入对比分析研究。本章侧重点在作者研究,创新之处在于首次对四部闺阁弹词的作者自叙文进行比较分析,总结不同闺秀作者对弹词文体的认同,并还原创作的真实意图及作者之间的个体差异。第三章、第四章为四部闺阁弹词各自的主题及其差异,分“一夫多妻”的书写、忠孝节义的宣传、男女平等三个议题展开论述。结合文本深入分析了闺秀作者对于“一夫多妻”的态度以及“一夫多妻”对弹词故事结构模式的影响和渗透。从研究中注意到闺秀作者在书写“一夫多妻”故事的同时,更推崇一夫一妻,此主题书写主要从故事的趣味性和通俗文学此类主题的普遍性考虑。忠孝节义思想的宣传成为四部闺阁弹词的创作宗旨,但具体到每一部作品对忠孝节义的认识各有差异。通过研究发现,闺阁弹词的“忠”适用于君臣、夫妻和主仆之间。而夫妻之间的忠在强调女性忠贞的同时,闺秀作者们更强调男性对婚约的忠实。男性如果背叛原配则将受到种种惩罚性的挫折。“孝”的观念与忠往往相连,但孝主要适用于父母和子女之间。孝做为从皇帝到平民恪守的道德法则,经常被闺秀作者用来制约君权,以达到弃恶扬善的目的。节义并提,则指节妇义夫,实际上体现出男女在道德上的要求平等。节主要指女性的贞节,闺阁作者通过大量贞女烈妇的形象宣扬贞节。但闺秀作者对贞节的理解较一般人更为深刻和全面。义,除了作为维系人际关系的一个桥梁,存在于朋友、夫妻、姐妹、兄弟关系之间外,闺阁弹词对义夫形象的塑造可谓与“节妇”对应的男性道德要求,表现出鲜明的女性书写的特征。男女平等思想,闺阁弹词中的男女平等思想主要包含才貌平等,责任平等,人性平等。才貌指在能力和相貌上闺秀笔下男女实现无差别平等,责任平等则指面临国难、家难时,以兄妹、夫妻为首的男女共同担当责任,人性平等则指爱美之心、情感表达的平等。第五章论述四部闺阁弹词的独特艺术特色。从女性化叙事、心理描写、人物塑造和充满悲喜感和幽默感的场面描写来体现。其中笔者首次对作品中的女性生育情节做深入分析。此外充分肯定了闺阁弹词的心理描写和语言幽默的艺术特征。第六章论述四部闺阁弹词产生的原因及其文学价值。从闺阁弹词的创作、传播的兴盛、才女文化的影响、才子佳人小说的新声三个角度分析其产生的原因,然后从四部闺阁弹词在弹词史上的地位和影响及文学史研究历程和意义来考察其文学价值。结语认为闺阁弹词虽然表彰女性,但并不以贬低男性为代价,四部闺阁弹词用女性的彩笔塑造女性英杰,打破了曹雪芹等男性文人越俎代庖,站在男性角度以弱化、物化女性或刻意贬低男性为目的“才女崇拜”。最后,提出希望动用国家力量组织大规模的弹词文献的整理出版工作,以及将四部闺阁弹词通过影视化广泛传播,使学界和民众皆能重视这一清代女性留给我们的珍贵文学遗产。附录的自述文总汇,作者特意将四部闺阁弹词卷首卷尾所有的自述文字收集整理并加按语点评,学者由此可以感受、窥见乃至返回闺秀的创作现场,了解其创作历程及身世感怀。更多还原

【Abstract】 Female Tanci has a very unique style of popular literature is popular in Jiangsu and Zhejiang area, but of her research is far behind the popular novel. In the existing research results, research works, which one works, while ignoring the relationship between research works. Therefore, the boudoir Tanci "crown" of the " Zai Sheng Yuan " and its prequel "regeneration" Yu Chuan Yuan "sequel" Zai Zao Tian ", pastiche" Bi Sheng Hua "four works as an example, aims to clarify the content of text works, connection and difference between the form of interpretation, so as to understand the inheritance relationship between the inner court" the formation of style and works of thought, art, and to deepen the whole Qing boudoir literature research.The introduction introduces the origin of the topic, discusses the female writers in the Qing Dynasty’s desk Tanci named "boudoir Tanci" reason, pointed out that "Tanci" definition, novels and Tanci belong to different styles of popular literature class, name Tanci fiction is not scientific. And the prosperity of the Qing Dynasty the author does not take all my novels, as one kind of rap literature even singing skills. To the beginning of the Republic of China, the western concept of novel input, then someone will Tanci novels and saying, in fact the two are not put on a par with. Because the female Tanci works completed in the boudoir, and boudoir in main field of ancient women’s life and creation, the author puts forward the concept of "Tanci" boudoir. This in the country belong to the first proposed, accurate location for research object, explores a female author "research" concept "problem. Because of the few researchers, finally briefly reviewed the "margin" series of boudoir Tanci works to study the relationship between regeneration.There are six chapters in the text. The first chapter focuses on "life" and the series of works (collectively referred to as the four women Tanci) author differentiation, creation situation and edition, the author identity and quantity, the approximate time of completion of the works, and the existing bibliographic materials. the features of different versions of the slightly more, points out the deficiency.The second chapter discusses "four female Tanci" relationship, writing purpose and style identification. Combined with the research and analysis of the works of the readme echo, style consciousness and the creation achievement motivation and related work the author’s sense of in-depth comparison between author. This chapter focuses on the research, innovation is analyzed for the first time on the four female Tanci author narratives, summarizes the different female authors approval of storytelling style, individual difference and reduction between the real intentions of the author and the author.The third chapter, the fourth chapter is the four part of their themes and difference of boudoir "," polygamy "writing, filial piety and publicity, equality between men and women three topics. Combination of the text analyses the influence of "polygamous""attitude," polygamy "Tanci story structure and permeability. Note that all authors in writing "polygamy" story from the study, more respected monogamy, universal this theme writing mainly from the story interesting and popular literature such subjects considered. The propagation of the idea of filial piety became four boudoir Tanci purpose of creation, but specific to each work understanding of filial piety is different. Through the study found that, between the "loyalty" boudoir "for Yu Junchen, husband and wife and his servant. But between husband and wife loyalty in that women faithful at the same time, the authors emphasise male to female engagement of the faithful. If the men betray the original will be affected by a variety of punitive setback."Often connected with filial piety" filial piety and loyalty, but mainly applies between parents and children. Filial piety as from the emperor to the common moral rules, are often used to control all the monarchical power, in order to achieve from evil to good purpose. Righteousness and knuckles, then and the righteous husband, actually reflect the requirements in the moral equality of men and women. Section mainly refers to the feminine chastity, boudoir by a large number of virgin heroine image proclaim chastity. But all the understanding of chastity is generally more profound and comprehensive. Meaning, in addition to serve as a bridge to maintain relationships, between friends, sisters, brothers, husband and wife relationship, boudoir Tanci characterization is for the righteous husband image and "chaste" corresponding male moral requirements, presents the characteristics of female writing distinct. Gender equality, equality of men and women in the boudoir "thought mainly contains the beauty of equality, equal responsibility, equality of human nature. I realize all that pen men and women without discrimination is equal in ability and good looks, equal responsibility refers to face the national calamity, home difficult, sister, wife led the common men and women take responsibility, human equality refers to the equality of beauty, emotional expression.The fifth chapter discusses the unique artistic features four boudoir tanci. From the female narrative, psychological description, characters and full of joy and sorrow and a sense of humor scene description to reflect. The author first works on the female fertility plot to do in-depth analysis. In addition, fully affirmed the female Tanci psychological description and humorous language art characteristics.The sixth chapter discusses the four female Tanci causes and literary value. From the boudoir Tanci creation, dissemination of prosperity, talented woman culture influence, gifted scholars and beautiful ladies of three novel new analysis of its causes, and then from four female Tanci in the history status and influence and literary history research course and the significance to study its literary value.The conclusion is that the female Tanci although recognition of women, but not men to lower cost, four female boudoir Tanci Yingjie women with crayons, broke the Cao Xueqin male scholar for others, stand in the angle of men to weaken, objectifying women or belittling male for the purpose of "talented woman worship". Finally, want to use the power of the state to organize large-scale Tanci literatures proposed publishing, as well as the four boudoir Tanci by video spread widely, the academia and the public can pay attention to the Qing dynasty women left precious literary heritage of our.Readme paper confluence appendix, the author designed four female Tanci frontispiece prehensile tail all the readme text collection and add comments comments, scholars from this can feel, see and return all the creation of the scene, understand the creation process and the life feeling.更多还原