【作者】 马闯；

【导师】 乔耀章；

【作者基本信息】 苏州大学 ， 政治学理论， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 改革开放以后，我国社会开始由计划经济向市场经济转型。几十年来，经济社会发生了巨大的变化。经济取得了长足的发展，人民生活水平明显提高。但是贫富差距、城乡差距、弱势群体、劳资矛盾等社会问题日益凸显，群体性事件日益频发。面对“稳定压倒一切”，基层政府为了强化维护社会稳定能力，通过设立维稳专项基金，成立专门的维稳机构，从资源整合和组织架构上强化维稳工作；同时，还在领导干部的政绩考核中加入维稳工作实效考察，激励领导干部的维稳积极性。如此，从中央到地方构建了一个立体化的“维稳”庞大机构，从各个方面投入大量的资源，来维持整个社会的稳定和谐。尽管如此，在全国各地，群体性事件仍然时有发生，一些地方的基层干群关系依然不够融洽、比较紧张，导致基层维稳工作陷入“越维稳越不稳”的怪圈。维稳是一项极具中国特色的、被提升到关系国家长治久安层面、带有极强治理色彩的重要工作。而基层维稳又是整个维稳体制的重心和难点，尤其是在社会急剧转型的当代中国，基层维稳过程中公众利益诉求表达行为呈现出“数量扩大、规模增加、行为激烈、诱点多发、涉及面广、对抗性强等特点”。基层政府是维稳的前沿阵地，处在国家治理体系中最为脆弱的节点部位。基层政府的维稳行为直接关系到地方治理的成败。本文一共分为六部分。第一部分为引言。首先阐述本文研究的缘起及其意义，主要从基层维稳陷入“越维越不稳”的怪圈入手引出透视基层政府维稳行为对于破解当前基层社会治理、维护基层稳定具有重要意义。然后在分析大量已有研究文献的基础上，对本文的研究方法、结构安排以及可能的创新之处等进行说明。第二部分是理论基础。论述维稳生成理论中的社会转型理论、压力型体制理论、社会冲突理论、风险社会理论和社会心理理论等子理论，维稳管理理论又包括政府治理理论、新公共管理理论和政府职能理论。第三部分是基层政府维稳实践样态与运行模式。首先，本文通过对H省四个市县的调查研究，对基层政府维稳现状及问题进行了概括：（1）维稳成本高昂化（2）维稳管理政治化（3）维稳目标短期化（4）维稳责任递增化（5）维稳思维非理性化。其次，提出了当前基层政府维稳所采取两种通用模式：网罗密布的严控型维稳模式和底线防守的绥靖型维稳模式。第四部分是基层政府维稳行为逻辑及后果。首先，阐述市场逻辑、官僚逻辑和公共性逻辑是不同基层政府维稳行为模式背后的三大逻辑进路；其次，认为基层维稳选择“不出事”作为目标是由市场逻辑和官僚逻辑共同形塑的结果，而公共性逻辑才能形塑“良性的社会稳定”的基层维稳目标；再次，指出基层政府压力维稳行为直接导致了基层权宜性治理和维稳内卷化的不利后果。第五部分是基层政府维稳行为的矫治策略。认为基层政府维稳行为应从市场逻辑和官僚逻辑转向公共性逻辑，从“不出事”目标转为良性的社会稳定为目标使命，应从“严控型”和“绥靖型”维稳模式转向法治型维稳模式；应从权宜性治理转向基层善治。从治理与善治出发，构建科学、和谐、长效的基层维稳机制应当从以下方面入手：一是要树立科学的维稳观；二是社会组织有效嵌入基层维稳过程，为基层政府与民众搭建沟通对话平台；三是通过法治保障，将政府维稳和公民维权置于规则和约束的框架内；四是创新社会管理，在基层维稳过程中实现多元共治，五是构建公平正义的基层利益协调机制。第六部分是结论。更多还原

【Abstract】 At present, China is stepping a historical period of the high-speed development.The economic system has experienced Profound changes and so does the socialstructure,the pattern of interests and the ideology. Unprecedented social changes makeChina step into a rapid period of social transition, while big changes and adjustments insocial structures and mechanisms may contain and cause a lot of socialconflicts,especially the increasing number of mass incidents. Faced to the policy of"stability overrides everything" and in order to strengthen the stability mainteance,alllevels of government set up special funds and specialized agencies,hoping to do thiswork well through the organizational structure and resource arrangements; Meanwhile,introduce the effectiveness of this work to the assessment of cadres, in order to improvethe abilty of stability maintenance of cadres. Thus, from the central to the localauthorities, a huge "stability maintenance" institution was established, a lot ofresources were invested to maintain the "rigid stability”. Nevertheless, a variety of massincidents still occur in some places and the relation between cadres and masses in somelocal places is still tense, what’s worse, it falls into the vicious circle——more stabilitymaintenance more instability.The local government is the forefront to maintain stability and the most vulnerablejoint in the national governing system. As the old saying goes:if the county is wellgoverned, the whole world will be safe. County,as a stable local government level ofevery danasty in our history, plays an indispensible role in maintaining the country’spolitical domination, social stability and economic development.The reason whyCounty Systerm never faded lies in that the setting of county is not the expedient orarbitrary measures, but a combination of economic, political, administrative, and othervarious factors. During its development process,the county gradually becomes the stable community connecting the social, political, economic, cultural and other aspectsand plays a role as an indecomposable administrative entities in any national system,County, in fact, is the basic unit which constitutes the contemporary Chinese politicalentities, regional economic and integrated communities. Therefore, this article focuseson the research of the county level governments.Selecting the government process with behaviorism to research is a distinctivefeature of this study. The government in the "government process "is" the realgovernment ". The thrust of the government process methodology is to reveal the"deviant" phenomenon and its laws produced during the operating process ofgovernment. The purpose of studying goverment problems by applying the processapproach is to seek measures to reduce illegal behaviors of the government "deviation"and realise the moderation of government behaviors at the premise of affirming thediversity and flexibility of the government behaviors.This paper takes the pressurized system as the framework of theoretical analysis. Itaims to archive4goals through three dimensions-----value orientation, behavioralmechanisms and behavioral strategies. First of all, to reveal that the "expedientgovernance" is the logic followed by the local governments to maintain stability.Secondly,to analyese consequences and hazards of the Involution ofstability-maintaining that are inevitably caused by maintaining stability under the localgoverment’s pressure and its behavior logic. Thirdly,to point out the causes of theconsequences of actions and the behavior departure. Finally,to put forwardcountermeasures to rectify the stability-maintaining behavior of local governments.The first chapter is an introduction. Raise the subject of this study——the researchof the stability--maintaining behavior of local governments:Describe the backgroundand significance of this research, the current situation of academic study of therelevant literature, the research methods, structural arrangements and possibleinnovations and so on.The second chapter is the pressurized system. This part initially proposed aanalysis framework of the" maintaining stability under the pressure" through thearrangments of social conflict theory, risk society theory and the theory of social stability, as well as the pressurized system.The third chapter is the process of maintaining stability of local governments. Afterthe field investigation, taking four counties in Henan Province as an exemple to revealthe operating process of local goverments’s maintenance of stability and its behaviordeviations from three dimensions---value orientation,behavior mechanisms andbehavioral strategies.The4th chapter is the logic and its consequences of the maintenance of stabilitybehavior of local governments. Reveal that the "expedient governance" is the logicfollowed by the local governments to maintain stability; Summarize characteristics ofthese behaviour logic; Point out consequences and hazards of the Involution ofstability--maintaining;Explore the causes of local government’s behavior deviant on thebasis of the "Diaaecting a sparrow".The5th chapter is the countermeasures to rectify the stability-maintainingbehavior of local governments. The logic of "expedient governance" is generated underthe pressurized system. It indeed provided some effective solutions for the localmaintenance of stability in a certain sense. To some degree, the"expedient governance"is relevent to the complexity and suddeness of current local social risks; It is alsocompatible with diversified interests of local citizens. Therefore, for a long period oftime in the future, the "expedient governance" will still be the logic followed the localgovernment to maintain stability. Based on the above, to propose moderatecountermeasures to govern the local government’s stability--maintaining behavior.The sixth chapter are the main conclusions. Summerize the full text.更多还原