【作者】 刘飞；

【导师】 王韶兴；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 中共党史， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 任何时代、任何民族和国家,都需要一个稳定的社会环境。社会稳定是人民群众的愿望,是社会生产和生活得以进行的前提,是一个国家得以存在和发展的最低要求。任何国家维护社会稳定都需要一个主导力量,从各国历史上看,这种力量可以是发达的公民社会,可以是贵族阶级,可以是强大的官僚系统或军人集团等。新中国成立以来,中国共产党成为维系国家统一和社会基本稳定的唯一有组织的政治力量,党的建设与社会稳定也就密切相关并贯穿于社会主义现代化建设的全过程。改革开放以来,中国现代社会转型对二者关系的互动和发展提出了更高的要求。本论文是关于中国共产党以实现社会稳定为价值追求而加强和改进党的建设的专项研究。具体而言,本文研究对象主要包括：第一,社会稳定问题。主要关注现代社会转型中的社会稳定问题,探寻发展中国家现代化进程中社会稳定的一般规律；落脚点在于中国社会稳定问题。第二,政党建设问题。不同的政党政治生态孕育出不同类型的政党和政党制度,政党建设规律也就有一般和特殊之分；本文在关注政党政治一般规律基础上,立足中国国情考察现代社会转型背景下中国共产党党的建设的内在规律。第三,政党建设与社会稳定的关系。现代社会转型过程中,不同的国家具有不同的文化传统、不同的经济政治体制,政党在社会转型中担当的角色是不一样的,政党建设与社会稳定的关系也就有很大差异。本文的基本任务是,在正确认识执政党建设和治国理政基本规律的基础上,深刻揭示中国共产党党的建设与社会稳定的内在联系；准确把握社会转型时期中国共产党加强和改进党的建设的价值目标、重点内容及其实现机制。主要目的是,在实现社会稳定的要求下,为中国共产党加强和改进党的建设提供价值引导和学理支撑。在研究方法和框架结构方面,论文遵循从一般到特殊的思路,依照逻辑和历史相统一的原则展开；借鉴政党、国家与社会的分析范式,运用理论分析、历史分析、比较分析、结构功能分析和系统分析、案例分析等研究方法对二者关系进行历史考察和理论思考。全文共分六个部分：第一部分为导言：第一章从现代社会转型共性的角度认识政党与社会稳定关系的基本理论；第二章通过对中国传统社会稳定结构的分析,从党的建设与社会稳定研究视域重叠的角度认识二者关系的内在机理。第三章运用史论结合的方法,分析党的建设和社会稳定的阶段性特征及其内在规律；第四章从社会风险的广阔视角对中国社会稳定和党的建设面临的挑战进行理论梳理；第五章,分析加强中国共产党维护社会稳定能力建设的路径选择。全文着力论证和阐述了如下观点：1、现代社会转型有三种不同的主导力量,分别是社会力量、官僚组织和政党。不同类型的社会转型过程中,政党对于社会稳定的作用有较大差异：政党主导的国家转型中,政党构成社会稳定的核心力量；官僚组织主导的转型中,政党从属于官僚机构,政党的软弱和政党体制的不健全,成为引发社会危机的重要原因；社会力量凸显的英美社会变迁中政党促进了民主政治发展,有利于社会稳定。2、以政党政治推动国家的民主转型,实现国家建设的软着陆是政党的基本职能；以政党和政党制度的发展带动国家建设的成熟,以成熟的国家建设实现社会稳定,这是政党政治时代具有普遍意义的规律。3、不同的政党、政党制度因其自身的特点不同,与社会稳定的关系表现出较大的差异性,竞争与否不是判断能否实现社会稳定的关键问题；政党制度化程度是社会稳定的重要变量；政党的适应性对于维护社会稳定至关重要。4、意识形态和社会组织的一体化是中国封建社会绵延二千余年的“超稳定”系统的深层结构,是中国社会稳定的重要传统资源。在继承并改造传统社会稳定资源的基础上,中国共产党政治整合的能力远远超过国民党,体现了其领导地位确立的历史合理性,这构成党的领导方式不断发展的历史资源,是中国共产党区别于西方政党的鲜明特征,影响党的建设的发展趋向。5、党的建设可以划分为三个层次：其一,党对于国情的基本判断以及处理矛盾的基本方法;其二,党的纲领、路线、方针、政策的制定；其三,党的五大建设,即思想、组织、作风、制度、反腐倡廉建设等。在新中国历史发展的一些重要转折点上,党的建设的三个层次在实践中往往表现为时间上的依次递进关系,即第一层次党的建设的变化,会引发第二层次党的建设的变化,并通过党的“五大建设”表现出来。社会稳定与党的建设存在研究视域的重叠,为二者关系的历史梳理和论证提供了方法论依据。经济、政治、社会、文化以及外部环境等因素构成社会稳定问题的解释性变量；党的纲领、路线、方针、政策构成社会稳定问题的深层原因；党对社会基本矛盾的判断与社会稳定密切相连；党的自身建设与社会稳定直接相关。6、传统体制下社会稳定模式具有以下特征：高度集中的计划经济体制、高度集权的政治体制,基于冷战的国际背景而展开的意识形态宣传,社会融于国家之中,建立在文化认同基础上的经济、政治和社会的同构形成社会稳定的基础,以强力控制经济和政治为特征；中国共产党及其组织成为国家统一和社会稳定的唯一有组织的力量。执政党的宏观决策的失误是引发社会不稳定的根本原因；党内民主建设不足,个人权威代替了政党组织权威是决策失误的根源；政治稳定是社会稳定问题的核心。如果党的纲领、路线出了问题,党的建设就容易受到冲击和破坏。在一定条件下,党的组织建设与社会稳定可以是正相关,也可以是负相关。因为在纲领、路线错误的情况下,党的组织力量愈是强大,造成的社会后果愈是严重。7、基于社会控制和社会稳定的角度,以意识形态和政治组织一体化为基本内容的中国“内生型社会稳定结构”始终表现出顽强的生命力。以新中国建立为分界线,意识形态和政治组织的一体化的内在结构发生了质的飞跃：首先表现为意识形态的阶级属性发生了深刻变化,马克思主义作为无产阶级意识形态成为中国共产党的指导思想,不同于代表封建地主阶级利益的儒家传统；其二,中国共产党作为现代政党组织,不同于封建的官僚体系,深层结构的相似不能掩盖其本质的区别；其三,新中国的社会稳定问题是立足于现代民族国家建构基础之上的,不同于中国传统的民族文化认同。8、中国共产党对待社会稳定的态度以文化大革命为转折点,对于社会稳定的渴望和关切从没有这样有切肤之痛；执政党要保持党内和国家政治局势的稳定,防止任何形式的社会动乱。改革开放以来,社会稳定与党的建设关系遵循了以下逻辑：以四项基本原则为立国之本,保证党的领导以及社会主义基本制度的稳定,是国家长治久安的根本；在此前提下,注重党的路线、方针、政策对治国理政的重要性,把政局稳定、人民团结作为衡量政策正确与否的重要标准；基本制度的稳定性、体制机制的开放性与政策的灵活性相辅相成,有机统一；路线政策确立后,干部就是决定性因素,党强大的组织力量的优越性才能充分发挥；辅之以党的作风建设、制度建设,构成党的建设的完整体系。时至今日我们看到,党的建设布局不断发展、完善,但是邓小平时代已经确立的关于社会稳定与党的建设的思想和实践模式仍然在发挥着主导作用,其内在逻辑是一致的9、渐进式改革有利于社会稳定。中国改革开放采取了较好的策略,由简单到复杂、由农村到城市,由体制外到体制内,循序渐进,尊重人民群众的创造精神。渐进式策略体现了中国共产党在改革中要始终把握改革过程和改革结果的愿望。在信息和改革经验不足的情况下,不失为解决迫切问题的首选方法。正是“摸着石头过河”的工具理性在改革政策选择过程中的成功运用保证了中国渐进式改革的不断发展。10、社会主义市场经济体制的确立使社会结构发生了深刻变化,开启了中国利益政治的新纪元。这意味着中国社会组织原则的根本转型,党的建设和社会稳定都必须放在市场经济这样一个逻辑中去审视。伴随“三个代表”、“科学发展观”、“和谐社会建设”思想的提出,党对改革发展稳定关系的认识进入一个新阶段。在此之前,稳定作为改革发展的前提,在一定程度上外在于改革和发展,而不是其固有内容;当稳定成为和谐社会建设的重要组成部分,意味着已成为改革发展的内容和目标,改革发展稳定更加有机地组合在一起。和谐社会建设,意在调整社会稳定体系的结构性矛盾,是进一步推动民主政治建设必不可少的中间环节和重要的策略选择。当前,协调改革、发展、稳定的关系需要与整体性制度变迁相适应,需要顶层设计。11、在经济全球化背景下,中国社会转型面对的是传统社会风险和现代风险叠加在一起的风险系统,这给中国共产党党的建设提出了新的课题和挑战。这种挑战的实质是执政党转型问题,执政党转型的价值指向是执政党的现代化,这是执政党不断适应客观环境及其变化的需要,适应社会发展进程,使自身结构、功能、机制和活动方式不断制度化、规范化、科学化的过程：迎接挑战的关键是不断增强政党能力。12、维护社会稳定对于党的能力建设的要求是综合性的。加强中国共产党的社会稳定认知能力建设,是维护社会稳定的逻辑起点；加强中国共产党依法治国能力建设,是维护社会稳定的内在诉求；加强中国共产党反腐倡廉能力建设,是维护社会稳定的民心工程;加强中国共产党维护社会公正能力建设,是维护社会稳定的关键所在；加强中国共产党舆论引导能力建设,是维护社会稳定的思想保证；加强中国共产党基层党组织领导能力建设,是维护社会稳定的坚实基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 Stable social environment is a necessity for any nation and state in any era. Social stability, which is the desire of the masses and the premise of social production and life, is the minimum requirement of the country’s existence and development. Any country needs a dominant force to maintain social stability, which, historically judging from each country, can be developed civil society, the aristocracy, also powerful bureaucratic system or military junta. Since the foundation of new China, the Communist Party of China has become the only systematical power that maintains national unity and social stability, and so Party building is closely linked to social stability and run through the whole process of socialist modernization. Since reform and open to outside world, the transformation towards modern society has put forward higher requirement to the interaction and development between the both sides.The research object of this paper is the building of the Communist Party of China from the perspective of social stability. It is a special research on strengthening and improving Party building in pursuit of social stability, which is aimed to clarify the relationship between the building of the Communist Party of China and social stability. Specifically, the research object mainly includes:First, the issue of social stability. It focuses on social stability problems in the transformation to modern society, explores the general rules of social stability of developing countries in modernization, and finally concerns the problems of Chinese social stability. Secondly, the issue of Party building. Because different party politics gestate different types of parties and party systems, there are general laws and special rules of the party building. On the basis of general laws of party politics and China’s actual conditions, exploring the inherent laws of the building of the Communist Party of China under the background of social transformation. Thirdly, the relationship between the building of the party and social stability. In the process of the transformation, political parties play different roles in each country because of different cultural traditions, economic and political systems. Therefore, the relationship between the building of the party and social stability is distinct from each other. The basic task of this paper is to reveal the internal connection between the building of the Communist Party of China and social stability on basis of correct understanding of basic laws on the building of the ruling party and governing the country; grasp the value goal, key content and realization mechanism on strengthening and improving Party building in the period of social transformation. The main purpose is to provide value guidance and theoretical support for strengthening and improving Party building at the request of social stability.In the research methods and framework, the train of thought is from the general to the particular; the principle is the unity of logic and history; the analysis paradigm is party-state-society, and the research methods include theoretical analysis, historical analysis, comparative analysis, functional analysis and system analysis, case analysis and so on. On the basis of the above, this paper conducts historical investigation and theoretical thinking. The full text is divided into six parts:the first part is the introduction; the first chapter is to understand the basic theory on the relationship between political parties and social stability from the angle of transformation towards modern society in common. The second chapter is to study the internal mechanism from the overlap of two variable’s research fields on the basis of the analysis of the structure of the traditional Chinese social stability. The third chapter is to analyze the staged characteristics and inherent laws using the method of combination of history and theory. The fourth chapter is to analyze the challenges, from a broad perspective of the social risk, which the Communist Party of China and social stability are faced with. The last chapter, the conclusion, is to analyze the methods that can maintain social stability by means of strengthening the party’s ruling capabilities. This paper tries to expound the following points:1. There are three kinds of different dominant forces in the transformation to modern society:social power, bureaucratic organizations and political parties. In different types of social transformation, political parties play different roles on maintaining social stability. In the process of transformation which political parties dominate, the political parties are core power of social stability; in those bureaucratic organizations dominate, political parties are subordinate to bureaucratic organizations. The party’s weakness and imperfect party system become important causes of social crisis; in British and American society where social power is prominent, political parties have promoted the development of democracy, which is beneficial for social stability.2. The party’s basic function is to promote the nation-building’s transformation to democracy by way of party politics, and bring the nation-building to a soft landing. The universal law in era of party politics is to lead nation-building’s maturity by means of the party and party system’s progress, and then achieve social stability.3^Different political parties, political party system is different because of its own characteristics, And with social stability showed a larger difference. The competition or not is not the key problem to realize social stability. The degree of the party systemization is an important variable of social stability. The adaptability of the party is vital for maintaining social stability.4> The integration of ideology and the social organization which stretched two thousand years in Chinese feudal society is "Super stable" deep structure, this is the important traditional resource of China’s social stability. On the basis of inheriting and reforming the resources of traditional social stability, the ability of political integration of the Communist Party of China is far more than the KMT, which embodies the historical rationality of its leadership. This lead to path dependence of Party’s leading mode.It is a distinctive feature that the Communist Party of China is differ from the western political parties and influences the development trend of Party building.5、Party building can be divided into three levels. First, the Party’s judgment about basic national condition and the basic ways of dealing with contradiction. Second, the Party’s guiding principle, line and policy setting. Third, the five major buildings, namely the thought, organization, style, system, building of anti-corruption. The key period of the history development of the People’s Republic of China, the three levels of Party building is often characterized by progressive in turn in practice. The change of the first level of Party building will lead to change of the second level, and show it through the five major building of CPC. There is overlapping of the research horizon between Social stability and Party building, which provide a methodological support for carding the history and argument of their relations. Such as economic, political, social, cultural, and external environment factors are explanatory variables of social stability problem. Judgments of the Party about the social basic contradiction are closely connected with social stability. The Party’s guiding principle, line, principles and policies constitute the deep reasons of the social stability. The Party’s own building is directly related to social stability.6、Social stability mode under the traditional system has the following characteristics:The highly centralized planned economic system, the highly centralized political system, the ideological propaganda in the background of Cold War, Society attached to the state, the conglutination of the economic, political and social which based on the cultural identity formed the basis for social stability, characterized by strong economic and political control, the Communist Party of China and its organization become the only organized power of national unity and social stability. The Party’s macro decision-making mistakes are the primary cause of social instability. Inner-party democracy building is inadequate, personal authority instead of the authority of party organization is the primary cause of decision-making errors; political stability is the core of social stability. If the Party’s guiding principle and route go wrong, Party building will be vulnerable and destruction. Under certain conditions, the Party’s organization building and social stability can be a positive correlation; can also be a negative correlation. The more powerful the Party’s organization is, the more serious the social consequences will be while the Party’s guiding principle and route go wrong.7、Based on view of social control and social stability, Chinese "endogenous social stability structure", of which the basic content is integration of ideology and political organizations always shows great vitality. The establishment of new China as a new dividing line, the internal structure of the integration of ideology and political organizations has undergone a qualitative leap. First, the ideology of the class attribute has undergone profound changes. Marxism as a proletarian ideology became the guiding ideology of the Communist Party of China, which is different from the Confucian tradition representing the interests of the feudal landlord class; Second, as a modern political party organization, the Communist Party of China is different from the feudal bureaucratic system. Its deep structure is similar, but essence is different; Third, social stability problem of New China is based on the basis of modern nation-state building, which is different from Chinese traditional national culture identity.8. The Communist Party of China’s attitude towards the social stability was changed after the Cultural Revolution and came out with the Party’s desire for a stable society which had never been so urgent. As the ruling party, the Communist Party of China should not only maintain the stability of itself but also prevent any form of social unrest to maintain the stability of the nation’s political situation. Since the Reform and Opening-up, the logical relationship between social stability and CPC’s building was found out as following:Taking the Four Cardinal principles as basic to ensure the stability of our Party’s leadership and the basic system of socialism is the foundation of county’s lasting and prosperity;Then, emphasizing on the importance of our Party’s routes, principles and policies on governing the state, and taking the political stability and people’s unity as the important standards in measuring the policies correctness; The stability of the basic system, the openness of the institutions and the flexibility of the policies are unified with each other; After the establishment of routes and policies, under the leaders and cadres decisive guiding, the advantages of our powerful organization can be brought into fully played; Supplemented by Party building of styles and institutions, a complete building system of our Party is constituted. Today,we can see that the layout of Party building is developing and improving, but the thoughts and practice patterns about the social stability and Party building which have been established in the era of Deng Xiaoping are still playing the guiding function.which is consistent with the internal logic.9.Gradual progressive revolution is benefit for the social stability. China’s Reform and Opening-up takes a good strategy which carries forward from simple to complex from countryside to city, from outside of the system to the inside of the system, step by step, respecting the people’s creative spirit. The method and strategy of "Tread carefully" reflects our Party’s desire for consistently grasping the process and result of the reform. In the case of insufficient information and reform experience. this method can yet be regarded as the preferred method in solving the urgent problem. This right choice of method effectively ensures the continuous progress of our country’s gradualism reform.10.The establishment of the socialist market economic system made the social structure changed profoundly and opened a new era of Chinese interests politics. This means the fundamental transformation of China’s social organization principles.Party building and social stability must be scanned in the logic of market economy. Coming up with the thought of "Three Represents","Scientific Development View" and "Building of Harmonious Society", our Party’s understanding of the relationship between reform, development and stability comes into a new stage. Before that stability was regarded as the premise of reform and development instead of a part of them. Ergo, when the stability becomes an important part of building a harmonious society, which meas that stability has become the content and objective of the reform and development, and them three will further combined. Constructing the harmonious society is expected to adjust the structural contradictions of the system of social stability, which is an essential intermediate link and important strategy choice in further promoting the building of democratic politics. Currently, coordinating the relationship between reform, development and stability not only needs to be adapted to the integrity of institutional change but also needs the top-level design.11.Under the background of economic globalization, China’s social transition is facing with the system superimposed by the traditional society risk and the modern risk, which puts forward the new topic and challenge to our Party’s building. The essence of this challenge is the transition of the ruling Party, the value orientation of the transition is the ruling Party’s modernization, which is a process of adapting to the social development progress and making the structure, function, mechanism and operates patterns continuously institutionalized, standardized and scientized; The key of conquering the challenge is enhancing the Party’abilities.12.The demand of the CPC’s ability construction is comprehensive for maintaining the social stability. Strengthening the construction of the CPC’s ability about cognizing the social stability is the logical starting point of maintaining social stability; Strengthening the construction of the CPC’s ability about the rule of law is the inner demands of maintaining social stability; Strengthening the construction of the CPC’s ability about anti-corruption is a morale project to maintain social stability Strengthening the construction of the CPC’s ability about keeping social justice is the key of maintaining social stability; Strengthening the construction of the CPC’s ability about guiding the public opinion is the ideological guarantee of maintaining social stability; Strengthening the construction of the CPC’s ability about the leadership of community-level Party organizations is the solid foundation of maintaining social stability.更多还原