【作者】 贾雁飞；

【导师】 王育济；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 中国古代史， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 本文是对北宋山水文章的整体讨论。第一章,对北宋山水文章作全面统计和分类。按照描写对象的不同,将北宋山水文章主要分为写山文,写水文,写山写水文,亭台楼阁寺院文以及堂、轩、园文等五大类。前三类多描述自然景观,其中,每一类划又可分为纯粹的风景描写文章与借景抒情或抒志类文章两个小类；后两类多描述人文景观,全部为借景抒情和抒志类文章；还有一个“其它类”,描写与山水关联度密切的非山水文章,如山穴之风,龙井之甘等。本章以列表的形式将各类文章予以统计,内容不仅包含了作者、篇名等基础信息,而且注明了文内所述景物所在的地理位置。在列表之后,对表中所列文章作出简要的特征总结。通过这种统计与分类,可以透视出北宋时期山水文章的区域性和文化重心所在。本章的列表统计及举例简析,将成为后面各章节进一步深入分析的基础素材。第二章,分析两类特殊的“山水”文章。这两类文章分别为短铭文与类山水文章。之所以标注引号,是因为此类山水文章与一般的山水文章相较体现出不同的鲜明特点：短铭文多有精彩的山水风景描写,但同时文章短小精悍,属于“铭”的范畴；类山水文章的名字多与山水相关,如山赋,水赋等,但读其内容,则与山水描写无关,这部分文章涵盖了地理文,哲学思辨文,政论文等。这一章将对这两类文章进行列表,并精选部分文章,就其特性作进一步阐述。第三章,对北宋山水文章的特点展开分析。分为两个层次：第一个层次,对文章表层特点进行分析,即把北宋山水文章作为一个整体,进行直观分析。通过第二章的列表分类和统计,可以观察到北宋山水文章的六方面特点,一是总体数量巨大；二是描写南方山水景物的文章远远大于描写北方的；三是绝大多数存在于北宋中期；四是借景抒情文和借景抒志文数量较多；五是体裁丰富多样,各类文学体裁在山水文章中均得到充分的使用；六是体量较大的山水文章开始出现。针对上述特点进行例证,并对代表性文章的基本内容做简要介绍。第二个层次,从五个方面对文章深层特点进行分析,探讨在文章的表征下自然流露和折射出来的社会环境和时代特征：从空间特点看,以描写南方山水的文章居多,浅析原因；从时间特点看,以描写北宋中期山水的文章较多,浅析原因；阐述从山水诗到山水文的跨越；探析山水文的抒情与言志问题；阐释山水文的哲理、用典和科学意识问题。第四章,对第三章深层特点的具体案例分析。本章分析以士人的时代风貌为切入点和关注点,试以两篇同题山水文章为例,分析在北宋时期多人书写同一题目赋作的社会原因,期望能展示出时代的特征及予以士人的影响,达到窥一斑而知全豹的效果。第五章,选取岳阳楼、醉翁亭、黄冈竹楼、赤壁等著名“景点”,统计分析《岳阳楼记》、《醉翁亭记》、《黄州新建小竹楼记》、《前后赤壁赋》等山水名篇在宋代的实际影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 This dissertation is aimed to elaborate on the landscape articles of the North Song as a whole.The first part begins to explore the landscape essays of the North Song Dynasty and a comprehensive study and classification is conducted. In this part, landscape essays are mainly divided into five different types:mountain essays mainly concerned with the mountainous scenery, water essays about only waters, essays on both mountains and waters, essays on pavilions, pagodas, temples, houses and Xuan (a small room or veranda with windows), and essays on gardens andbridges. The former three types of essays are mostly concerned on nature landscape, while the latter two are closely connected to human culture. There is another type of writing, related to the mountain but not closely related, such as the wind of the mountain cave, and the sweet of Longjing, and so on.In each of the former three types of pure natural landscape writings, a further classification is made. As a result, the pure scenery articles and lyric or ambition expressing essays by means of the landscape are classified. The latter two kinds of writings are all the lyric or ambition expressing essays by means of the landscape. In this chapter, the tabulation is adopted, which displays the information of various essays, including information of the authors, the essay titles, and the location of the landscape mentioned in the essays. Furthermore, a summary of the characteristics of the essays are made. The statistics and the analyses of the landscape essays make a foundation for the further exploration in the following chapters, especially the study of the landscape essays in the North Song Dynasty in Chapter Four.Chapter Two analyzes two special kinds of " landscape essay ". These two kinds of essays are:short inscriptions and suspected landscape essay. The short inscriptions are identified as the landscape writing because such articles make a lot of wonderful description of the landscape, but on the same time, as a too short inscription, it is hard to be identified as an article. So it is classified into a special type. Some writings are analyzed in this part. As for the suspected landscape essays concerned, they have the titles often concerning mountains and waters, such Mountain Fu and Water Fu, but the content of the articles has nothing to do with landscape. Such writings cover the articles on geography, philosophy and political argumentation. Such articles are listed and their characteristics are further explained through specific examples.Based on the former exploration, Chapter Three gives a comprehensive analysis of the North Song landscape essays from two levels:the surface analysis and the deep study. On the first level, based on the list and illustration in Chapter Two, the surface analysis tends to give a direct visual impression of the North Song landscape essays as a whole. We can perceive at least6points from the illustration in Chapter Two. First, we can see the huge number of the North Song landscape essays. Second, there are more articles about the southern landscape than on the northern scenery. Third, most of the existing landscape articles in the North Song are written in the Mid-North Song Dynasty. Fourth, many articles are lyric essays and essays expressing ambitions by means of landscape. Fifth, the genres are diversified and various literary genres are displayed in landscapes writings. At last, long-length articles on landscape appeared. To illustrate these features, examples are precisely displayed, covering the titles of the articles, the authors, the meaning and significance of the articles, etc. On the second level, the second part of this chapter conducts a deep analysis of the landscape essays of the North Song Dynasty. This chapter explores from five angles the social environment and time features reflected and conveyed by the landscape articles in an invisible way:First, more landscape articles are concerned with the south. Second, most landscape articles appeared in the mid North Song. Third, a study on the skip from landscape poetry to landscape writings. Fourth, the research on the question of expressing one’s emotion and ambitions. At last, cultural features of the North Song landscape essays are analyzed.Focusing on the time spirit and expecting to know by a handful the wholes sack, Chapter Four is the illustration and specific analysis of the deep features explored in Chapter Four. Two articles of Fu with the same title are illustrated here, and the social reasons of the atmosphere that people wrote articles with same title are analyzed. The time features and how the literature displayed the time spirit are analyzed.In Chapter Five, some famous places in the landscape writings are presented and all the articles mentioning these scenic spots and related articles are searched. Through statistics, comparison and analysis, the cultural significance of these articles are displayed.The Conclusion part sums up the former argumentation, hopefully which may offer any help for future scholars of this field.更多还原