【作者】 宋洁；

【导师】 陈戍国；

【作者基本信息】 湖南大学 ， 历史学， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 在秦汉史的研究中,由于受到史料的限制,许多问题,甚至是基本问题都悬而未决。而基本问题是学术研究发展的前提。许多学者在这些基本问题上,都倾注了大量的精力,希望能有所建树,以期能为学术研究提供一条清晰的道路。西汉法制史的研究也不例外。在西汉法制史的研究中,“夷三族”与“九章律”属于两大基本问题。它们分别涉及到西汉律法的制作与沿革,以及相关法令的施行状况。而对这两个问题的讨论,学界至今没有达成一致。这两个问题很重要,本身也存在关联性,故而,本论文选取这两个问题作为研究对象。这两个问题,实际上都各自包含着三个子问题,而每个子问题之中,又牵连着诸多附属问题。具体而言,“夷三族”之下有三个子问题：一是“夷三族之令”中“具五刑”的问题；二是汉文帝“除诽谤妖言诏”的问题；三是吕后元年除“三族罪妖言令”的问题。“九章律”之下的三个子问题：一是汉律构成中的“篇”“章”。“条”“事”之间的关系；二是“约法三章”与“二年律令”之间的关系；三是“二年律令”“九章律”“法经”之间的关系。各个子问题之间相互关联。以上两大问题的突破点,皆从“夷三族之令”展开。通过考证“夷三族之令”中的“具五刑”,知道“具五刑”不包括死刑。再结合吕后除“三族罪妖言令”及文帝“除诽谤妖言诏”的记载,以及吕后之后的“夷三族”案件中不见“具五刑”等记载,得出吕后所除“三族罪妖言令”与“罪名"和“法”皆无关,而是指“刑罚”。并且通过对文帝“除诽谤妖言诏"的重新解读,得知文帝并未废除诽谤妖言之“法”,而是对诽谤妖言的行为不追究。这间接导致了文帝以后,巫蛊等行为在民间和宫廷越演越烈。武帝时期的“巫蛊之祸”,以及武帝对“巫蛊”的穷治,实际上是对文帝“勿听治”的矫弊。《汉书·刑法志》所载“法三章”中有“夷三族之令”,传统观点中,有以“夷三族之令”的存在,质疑“法三章”施行的真实性。《二年律令》的刊布,为这个问题提供了新的解答线索。“法三章”的具体内容与“杀人者死,伤人及盗抵罪”不可混为一谈。“杀人者死,伤人及盗抵罪”是一种法律通则,其背后的律文应归属于“贼”“盗”“具”三章。这三章最终融入到了“九章律”之中。“九章律”其实是《二年律令》中的二十几种律合并之后,在西汉晚期奉天法古的思想背景下,结合阴阳五行观改造出来的产物。“法经”6篇、“九章律”9篇、傍章18篇、越宫律27篇、朝律6篇、汉律令总数359篇,诸律篇数的出现,其实皆是阴阳终始思想在法律上的体现。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the study of the history of Qin and Han dynasties, many basic problems have not been solved.the one of reasons is the lack of historical materials.We all know that the basic problem is the precondition of academic research.Therefore, many scholars having spent a lot of energy hoped to provide a clear way for academic research.The study of history of legal system on the Western Han dynasty is not excepted.In the history of legal system on the Western Han dynasty, the Yi San Zu and Nine Chapter Law are two basic problems.They are involved production and evolution of law as well as the relevant law enforcement on the Western Han dynasty. There are no agreements on the discussion of the two problems.The two problems having relations are very important.So the two problems will be the research objects in this paper.The two problems each contain three sub-problems and many affiliated problems among each sub-problem. Concretely speaking, there are three sub-problems in the Yi San Zu.The first is the problem of the Five Punishments.The second is the problem of Han wen Emperor abolished Slander Heresy Imperial Edict.The third is the problem of empress Lv abolished San Zu Zui.There are also three sub-problems in the Nine Chapter Law.The first is the problem of relationship between Article and Chapte and Item and Thing of Xihan’law Composition.The second is the problem of relationship between the Three Chapters Law and Second Year Law.The third is the relationship between the Second Year Law and Nine Chapter Law.They have correlation between each sub-problem.The breakthrough of above two basic problems are on the Yi San Zu Law.Through the argument, we know that the Five Punishments are not includ the death penalty and Hanwen Emperor are not abolish the Slander Heresy Law and Empress Lv abolishing the San Zu Zui is about the penalty rather that the law.The historical materials record that the Three Chapter has Yi San Zu Law, some scholars deny the authenticity of the Three Chapter according to the record.The appearance of the Second Year Law provides a new clue for this problem.The Three Chapter should refers to Thief Law Chapter and Steal Law Chapter and General Law.The three chapters ultimately integrated into the Nine Chapter Law.The formation of Nine Chapter Law experienced two steps.The first step is that some of chapter among Second Year Law were merged.The second step is that the Nine Chapter Law was affected by the concepts of Yin-Yang and Five Elements in the late Western Han dynasty.The Law Classic contains6articles, the Nine Chaper Law contains9articles, the Bang Chapter contains18articles, the Yue-Gong Law contains27articles, the Chao Law contains6articles, the total number of laws of the Western Han dynasty contains359articles, the appearence of these figures is the embodiment of the Yin-Yang and Five Elements on the law.更多还原