【作者】 刘钊；

【导师】 陈忠；

【作者基本信息】 苏州大学 ， 马克思主义哲学， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 都市文化贯穿于都市发展历程中，人类文明史就是都市发展史。从古希腊城邦时代一直到今天的现代都市，都市文化在历史发展中起着非常重要的作用。都市既是文化的容器，也是各种社会关系的总和的象征。在今天，在全球化、城市化、现代化和市场化多种因素作用下，都市社会危机几乎涵盖了社会、政治、经济、文化、道德和心理等人类活动的全部领域，都市作为人类文明的象征和标志，都市文化危机表现尤为尖锐和鲜明。回顾都市文化发展史，我们认识到都市文化的实质就是都市人化和化人的过程,因此，都市人的自由和发展过程主导着都市文化的发展过程。都市人在实践过程中创造了都市文化,而都市文化反过来塑造了都市人和都市环境。人是都市文化的主体,任何都市文化实践活动都是都市人改造都市和适应都市的活动,都市文化的发展规律受制于都市主体的文化实践活动的发展规律影响。从都市发展历程看，都市文化危机是都市文化发展到一定阶段的矛盾引起的。是都市文化的内容和形式与都市社会实践不相适应造成的结果。从横向层面分析，都市文化危机首先表现都市主体的危机，也就是都市人的异化；其次，文化认同危机导致共同价值的都市精神消失;表现在都市秩序上，表现为都市制度缺失引起的无序混乱状态；也表征为都市空间实践丧失的空间的正义和合法性。也表现为人与自然的矛盾加大，导致都市生态环境日益恶化。究其原因，按照城市发展哲学分析，都市文化危机可以从文化的社会根源、认识根源和实践根源几个向度来分析：从都市文化的社会根源看，都市文化受到现代性两面性，全球化的文化霸权和城市性两面性的冲击，促使都市人文化发生质的变化。从都市所处时代背景看，都市文化面临着全球化的冲击带来都市文化同质化，具有消解本土文化的危机，都市文化自身的城市性，存在与都市传统文化断裂及失序的危机。从都市文化所处文化背景而言，面临现代性对都市文化内容解构的危机。从都市文化认识层面分析，人对自身理性认识不足，人的理性无限的错误认识导致人的异化。在文化发展的问题上，人们由于对激进和保守之间的界限认识不清，导致都市文化的间性断裂。从实践根源看，都市空间生产实践由于资本的入侵而丧失了正义和合法性。在都市文化实践建构中，由于人们缺少都市生态理念的指导，人与自然的紧张关系导致了都市生态危机。透过都市文化危机现象，可以看清危机的本质及危机的根源。这促使人们寻求都市文化发展的理想内涵指涉。当代都市文化应有的主要内涵，总的来说应包含三方面：自由、自治和开放。自由包含两方面含义：人性完善和人的发展；自由的都市精神。自治包含两方面：外在控制的是都市制度；内化为人们自觉行动的都市伦理。开放是指文化创新是都市文化发展的动力，生态和谐是未来都市文化必然面向。因此，都市理想内容指涉有都市自己灵魂即都市精神，都市的自由即完善的人性、都市开放的动力即都市创新、都市自治的手段即都市伦理和都市制度、都市未来走向即生态文明，都市文化拯救也就是都市主体的祛魅和反祛魅过程，让都市文化回归现实主体，需要对资本异化的空间克服。因此要求以人为本，实现都市发展主体回归到以人为本；凝聚都市精神，形成都市独特的文化之魂，增强都市文化认同感；完善都市治理的规则和制度，让都市秩序走向制度文明；重构都市正义、实现都市发展合法性，重构都市空间生产的合法性；以保持都市生态为前提，让都市回归到生态良性发展的轨道上来。都市文化危机不仅在全球各都市存在，而且在中国的都市又有着不同的表现，全球文化霸权对中国都市文化起着解构作用，同时，都市又以自己的霸权地位统治和同化周边及乡村文化，中国都市自身存在着都市异化危机。在危机之中，中国都市文化只有立足于中国都市文化实践的现实，协调好时代性和都市具体性、文化共性和个性、突出都市文化主体性，赋予都市文化的物质文明、精神文明、制度文明和生态文明新的内涵，乃是中国都市型社会的文化建构的应有之义。更多还原

【Abstract】 The metropolis culture runs through the development process of the city,so the historyof human civilization is the history of urban development. From the ancient Greek`scity-state era to modern metropolis，the metropolis culture plays a very important role inthe human`s historical development. The metropolis is not only the container of thecultural but also the symbol of all kinds of social relationships. Today, with the effects of avariety of factors such as the globalization,urbanization, modernization andmarketization.The metropolis social crisis covers almost all the fields of society，such aspolitics, economy, culture, morality and psychology of human activities and so on.As asymbol of human civilization,the metropolis`s cultural crisis is more particularly sharp anddistinct. Reviewing the history of cultural development of urban, we realize that theessence of metropolis`s culture is the process of the urban subject humanization.Thepeople`s self perfection and freedom who pursuits dominates the various cultural whichthe people pursuit in the metropolis.The people of the metropolis create the metropolis`sculture, and the metropolis`culture in turn shape the metropolis`people and itsenvironment.The people are the subject of the culture.All the cultural practice creative activities are the activities of the metropolis`people.The Law of development of the metropolis`subject culture practice depends on law ofurban culture development. The metropolis cultural crisis is the alienation of humans.Secondly, the urban culture of cultural resistance; under the urban governance performancebecause of the absence and dislocation of urban system.The urban subject encounter thejustice and lack of the legality in urban space. The metropolis’ ecological environmentdeteriorates day by day. From the perspective of the philosophy of city, the urban culturecrisis can arise from the social causes, understanding the origin and practical causes severalto grasp: from social causes of urban culture, urban culture by the modern character,globalization, cultural hegemony and city of the two sides of the impact, a qualitativechange to the city people and urban culture. On the background of the city, urban culture isfacing the impact of globalization which brings urban cultural homogenization, withdigestion of native culture crisis.The metropolis culture itself, the existence and the original urban culture breakout and the order crisis. From the point of the culturalbackground, urban culture content of urban culture faces modernity crisis of decomposition.From the recognition of the metropolis culture, urban culture subject less rational.Fromepistemology origin analysis. The people are lack of knowledge and treat the culturalconservatism and radicalism in cognition. Deal with the relationship between culturalconservatism and radicalism in the urban cultural development of secondary understandinginsufficiency. In the view of the practice，the production of spatial in the capitalism underthe crisis of legitimacy. From the cultural development of practice oriented, urbanecological crisis in urban culture. The ideal connotation due to the crisis prompts people toask the urban culture. The main connotation of contemporary metropolis culture shouldrefer to three aspects: freedom, autonomy and openness. Freedom contains two meanings:perfect human nature and human development. The spirit of city is the symbol of theliberty. Autonomous contains two aspects: the external control of the urban system,internalized as the people conscious action of the urban ethics. Openness refers to culturalinnovation which is the driving force of urban culture development, ecological harmony isnecessary for future urban culture. Therefore, ideal urban content refers to the urban souland the city spirit, the city of liberty is the dynamic nature of urban openness, whichperfect the urban innovation.The urban autonomy means the urban ethics and urbansystems.The ecological civilization is the future tedences of the metropolis culture.Thesalvation of the metropolis culture is the disenchantment and anti disenchantmentprocess,which makes urban culture returning to countryside culture.The need for capital toovercome the alienation of space, therefore, human-oriented, to achieve urbandevelopment subject is to return to the people-oriented.We should condense urbanspirit.which makes the formation of urban unique cultural spirit, which strengthens urbancultural identity and improves the urban governance rules and regulations, which makesthe urban order to the system civilization in order to econstruct the city justice, and strivesto urban development legitimacy and legitimacy of reconstruction of urban The spaceproduction maintains the urban ecology as the premise. To let city return to the preimitvedevelopment of ecological harmony.The metropolis cultural crisis not only exists in theworld, but also in the Chinese city. Which also has different performances.The globalhegemony on the China and the metropolis culture plays a part of deconstruction, at thesame time, the city also own the surrounding hegemonic domination and assimilation.The China city itself has urban alienation crisis. In a crisis, China urban culture only bases onthe Chinese urban cultural practice, which coordinate the time and cityspecific.The culturalcommonness and individuality to prominent the metropolis culture, which connotates thematerial civilization, the spiritual civilization, the system civilization and ecologicalcivilization.which is the proper meaning on the China metropolis culture construction更多还原