【作者】 李雪松；

【导师】 衣保中；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 区域经济学， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 随着二十世纪人类工业文明的不断发展，环境破坏和污染物跨界问题日益呈现出多样化和严重化态势。大气污染和酸雨、森林面积减少和土地荒漠化、海洋与流域水体污染、生物多样性的减少以及危险废弃物越境转移等问题，已经逐渐威胁到人类的生存与发展，成为国际社会关注的核心问题。从另一个层面上来讲，环境问题也是最具有代表性的国际问题之一。全球环境生态系统是一个相互联通、不可分割的整体。因此，任何环境污染、资源滥用、生态破坏的风险压力都可能是跨国界的。由于环境的公共产品属性，和缺乏一个具有中央集权的“超国家”机构，使得跨界污染的外部性问题无法实现内部化。其导致的最终结果就是，尽管半个世纪以来，一方面全球性和区域性环境制度安排愈加密集；另一方面，跨界污染和区域性环境问题却并没有得到有效改善。作为世界上最具发展活力与潜力的区域之一，东北亚区域在经济快速发展的同时，也饱受跨界污染侵害：酸雨、沙尘天气、流域水污染与海洋污染等成为区域内各国不得不面对的共同威胁。对于此类污染问题而言，任何国家都既没有能力、也没有动力来单独解决；因此，如何通过合作治理的方式解决东北亚国家共同面临的跨界污染问题成为了各方关注的热点。然而尽管东北亚各国围绕跨界污染合作进行了一系列努力，但基本停留在会议讨论与情报交流阶段，仍缺乏现实约束力，难以应对突发情况；同时，东北亚国家在发展阶段上的异质性特征也进一步阻碍了合作的效果。本文立足经济学视角，在对国内外相关研究进行回顾的基础上，综合运用各学科研究跨界污染问题的理论与方法，分析了区域经济增长与环境污染之间的内在关联，以及跨界污染对区域贸易和福利的影响。在对东北亚区域跨界污染与环境合作现状进行全面分析的基础上，利用战略联盟理论研究了区域环境合作的可行性，探讨了区域国家数量、联盟规模与合作稳定性之间的内在关联关系；利用改进的“贸易—环境”关联机制对区域环境合作中普遍存在的“搭便车”行为进行治理。通过回顾欧盟、北美和东盟的跨界污染治理和区域环境合作经验，从“利益关联机制”、“合作体系”与“合作环境”三方面为提升东北亚跨界污染治理能力，促进区域环境合作提供了对策建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the continuous development of human industrial civilization in20th century,environmental destruction and cross-border pollution are increasingly showingdiversity and serious situation. Atmospheric pollution and acid rain, deforestation anddesertification, ocean and river basin water pollution, reduce biodiversity andhazardous waste transponder movement and other issues, has been gradually threat tohuman survival and development, which become the core issue that internationalconcern about.In another way, environmental issues are also the most representative internationalissues. Global environment is a whole ecosystem that interconnected and indivisible.Therefore, any environmental pollution, misuse of resources, ecological damage riskpressures is likely to be cross-border. Since public attributes of environment, and lackof "supranational" institution with a centralized, making the problem of transboundarypollution externalities can not be internalized. Which leads to the final result is that,despite half a century, while global and regional environmental institutionalarrangements become denser; on the other hand, transboundary pollution and regionalenvironmental problem have not been effectively improved.As one of the most dynamic regions with the potential of rapid economicdevelopment in the world, Northeast Asia is suffering from the transboundary pollution:acid rain, sand and dust storms, water pollution and marine pollution，that become acommon threat in Northeast Asia. For this type of pollution, no country has ability andpower to solve that alone. Therefore, how to solve the transboundary pollution hasbecome a focus attention of Northeast Asian countries. However, despite the NortheastAsian countries made a series of efforts with cooperation of transboundary pollution,but it is still staying at the basically stage of discussion meetings and intelligenceexchanges; lack of binding reality and difficult to deal with emergency situations.Meanwhile, the heterogeneity of Northeast Asian countries in the development stage ishindering the cooperation effect.This article is based on economics perspective, reviewed the relevant researches,and comprehended various disciplines theory and methods of transboundary pollution.This article analyzed the inherent relationship between regional economic growth andenvironmental pollution, and analyzed the impact that and transboundary pollution tothe regional trade and benefits. Base on the status quo of environmental cooperation inNortheast Asia, this article researched the feasibility of regional environmentalcooperation using the strategic alliance theory, and discussed the intrinsic relationshipbetween number of countries in the region, the Union scale and stability. This article used the solved the "ride it car "behavior which is in regional environmentalcooperation using improved trade-environment related mechanism.Finally, by reviewing the experience of transboundary pollution control and regionalenvironmental cooperation in EU, North America and ASEAN, this article providessuggestions from the "benefits associated mechanism","cooperation system" and"cooperative environment", to enhance the governance capacity of transboundarypollution and promoting the regional environmental cooperation in Northeast Asia.更多还原