【作者】 邢岩；

【导师】 曲昭伟；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 交通信息工程及控制， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 交叉口是城市路网中连续交通流与间断交通流相互转化的“咽喉”，常常发生交通拥堵，导致路网运行效率降低。机动车作为交叉口交通流的重要组成部分，其运行特性直接影响着交叉口的运行效率；对交叉口处机动车的运行特性进行深入分析和精确建模，可以更好的为交通管控、交通组织提供理论依据，有效地缓解交通拥堵。机动车运行特性研究主要分为微观运行特性和宏观运行特性研究，交叉口处机动车微观运行特性包括机动车的跟驰、换道、停车避让等驾驶行为，这些驾驶行为通常是驾驶员在驾驶任务和周边交通环境共同影响下，对机动车进行操纵体现出来的，机动车驾驶员不同的驾驶心理，会造成机动车不同的运行特性。由此可见，驾驶员是交叉口运行情况优劣的核心，驾驶员驾驶心理是研究机动车运行特性的关键。故在交叉口机动车微观运行特性方面，论文从交叉口处机动车驾驶员的驾驶心理角度入手，分析交叉口处客体对目标车辆驾驶员驾驶心理的影响，研究机动车驾驶员驾驶行为，进而实现了对交叉口机动车微观运行特性的深入分析和精确建模。交叉口处机动车宏观运行特性包括机动车的到达分布、传播延误、通行效率等，这些宏观运行特性的研究对交叉口处交通管控、交通组织以及缓解交通拥堵有着重要的作用。为了对其进行详细分析，论文结合数理统计中的概率论模型、交通流理论中的流-密-速关系模型、交通波模型等，对交叉口机动车到达分布特性、延误特性、传播特性等等宏观运行特性进行了定性描述，并结合视频采集手段，对建立的模型进行了验证。论文的研究可以丰富和发展城市道路交通流理论，为交叉口的交通控制方案制定、交通组织管理等提供理论基础，进而达到提升交叉口交通安全和交叉口通行效率的目的，论文的具体研究内容包括以下几部分：（1）研究了交叉口处机动车驾驶员驾驶心理受到的刺激影响情况。通过分析交叉口处客体对机动车驾驶员驾驶心理的影响情况，研究机动车不同运行状态下的驾驶员驾驶心理，给出了机动车在运行时所需的安全距离和静止时所需的安全距离及驾驶员的感知-响应情况，进而确定周边客体对机动车驾驶员所产生的影响范围和影响强度，并基于以上分析，构建了交叉口处机动车驾驶员受到刺激影响的一般模型。（2）分析了机动车驾驶员在不同刺激影响情况下的驾驶决策和驾驶行为。通过对不同刺激影响下的驾驶员心理决策过程进行分析，并结合贝叶斯概率理论和模糊聚类理论，建立了基于贝叶斯概率理论和模糊聚类理论的驾驶员驾驶行为决策模型；随后利用第二章建立的驾驶员心理压力模型及驾驶员的感知响应关系，确定了不同情况下的驾驶员心理压力，给出了不同相应临界值下的驾驶员驾驶行为，建立了驾驶员心理压力与机动车运行特性的关系模型，并对模型的可行性进行了分析。（3）建立了交叉口处阻滞和摩擦干扰下驾驶员驾驶行为模型。结合机动车运行特性与驾驶员驾驶心理的关系模型、驾驶员驾驶行为决策模型，研究交叉口处驾驶员在阻滞干扰下和摩擦干扰下的驾驶行为决策，分析机动车释放过程中的阻滞干扰和摩擦干扰对驾驶员驾驶心理的影响情况，将驾驶员的应对行为和车辆运行行为进行数学抽象，建立摩擦干扰和阻滞干扰情况下的驾驶员驾驶行为模型，确定了阻滞干扰和摩擦干扰下的机动车微观运行特性。（4）研究了交叉口机动车流的到达分布、延误、传播等宏观运行特性。对交叉口处机动车的宏观运行特性进行研究，本部分从上下游交叉口间的流量关系入手，通过分析交叉口处机动车的到达规律，绿灯末期的机动车运行特性，给出了交叉口机动车的到达分布模型、到达延误模型，绿灯末期驾驶员驾驶行为模型。随后结合数理统计中的概率论模型、交通流理论中的流-密-速关系模型、交通波模型等，对交叉口机动车到达分布特性、延误特性、传播特性等等宏观运行特性进行了定性描述，并结合视频采集手段，对建立的模型进行了验证。最后，对论文的研究进展及主要成果进行总结，并提出研究过程中存在的主要问题以及下一步需要探索内容。更多还原

【Abstract】 Signalized intersections, as crucial points for uninterrupted and continuum trafficflow transforming into each other, are congested frequently, which leads to the decreaseof vehicles operating efficiency in urban network. As a major component of traffic flowat the intersection, vehicles affect the efficiency at the intersections directly. Thus, tosupply the strategy making of traffic management and traffic control with better theorysupports, and alleviate traffic jam efficiently, analyzing the operating characteristics ofvehicles at the intersections deeply and establishing the exact models are necessary.Operating characteristics of vehicles can be divided into microscopic andmacroscopic ones. The main studies of microscopic characteristics of the vehiclesconsist of the behaviors of lane change, acceleration and deceleration, stop and yield.These behaviors are determined by driving task and the surrounding traffic environment,and different psychology results in different behaviors. Thus, in terms of microscopiccharacteristic, the research in this paper analyzed the surrounding objects influence onthe vehicle, and made deeply analysis and model establishment about the microscopiccharacters come true. Macroscopic characteristics consist of vehicle arrival distribution,propagation delay and traffic efficiency, and so forth, and these characteristics aresignificantly beneficial to traffic control, traffic organization strategies making andeasement of traffic congestion. To deeply analyze the characteristics, in this paper, theyare described qualitatively combined with probabilistic models, traffic flow theory andshock wave models. The models established in this paper are tested with video data.The research in this paper can enrich and develop the traffic flow theory in urbanroad, and supply the making of traffic control strategies and traffic managements withtheory support, which aims to strengthen security and enhance the inefficiency atintersection. There are four major sections in this paper, which shows as following:(1)The situations that the drivers are affected by psychological stimulation atintersections are studied. Through analyzing the conditions which the objects haveinfluence on the drivers’ psychology, and studying when the vehicle are in different states,two kinds of safety distances between two vehicles are proposed with static and movingtraffic flow separately, and the percept-respond process are depicted. Eventually, based on the definition of the scope and intensity of influence on the driver, the general modelwhich describes the affect on drivers at intersections is established.(2) The driving behaviors and decisions are analyzed when the driver is affected bydifferent psychological stimulations. With analyzing the driver’s decision-makingprocesses in kinds of stimulus situations, combining with Bayesian probability theoryand fuzzy clustering theory, a driving behavior decision model is created. To establish arelationship model between psychological pressure and operating characteristics ofvehicles, the driver’s psychological stress model and the perception-respond diagram areused to calculate driver’s psychological pressure under different circumstances. Thisrelationship model is analyzed for its feasibility.(3) Driving behavior model with blocking and friction interfering at intersection isestablished. This section Combines the relationship model between operatingcharacteristics and drivers’ psychological with driving behavior decision model to studythe process of decision-making in the situations of friction and block interferer during thedischarge process, and analyzes the psychological effects on the drivers. To create thedriving behavior models with interfering of blocking and friction interfering, thebehaviors of driver and vehicle are transformed into mathematical abstractions.(4) The macro-operating characteristics involving arrival distribution, delay andpropagation were studied. In terms of macroscopic characteristics, from the flowrelationship between upstream intersection and downstream intersection, analyzing thearrival distribution and vehicles operating characteristics at end of green interval, thearrival distribution model, delay model and driving behavior at the tail of green periodwere established. Combined with probability theory model of mathematical statistics,flow-density-velocity relationship model of traffic flow theory, shock wave models,macroscopic characteristics were described qualitatively, and models established in thissection are tested with video data.Finally, the research progress and the main results of the paper are summarized, andthe main problems existing in the research and the future work are proposed.更多还原