【作者】 秦荣；

【导师】 韩志伟；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 马克思主义哲学， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 马克思的技术哲学思想是马克思哲学的重要基础和理论资源，不同于以往以及同时代的任何哲学家，马克思对于现代技术的思考视域是世界历史性的。换言之，马克思的现代技术思考是在人的全面而自由发展的视域下展开的，这一视域带领我们真正走进了技术的过去、现在和未来。呈现在马克思面前的现代技术是机器大工业的生产过程，面对机器生产的事实，我们首先要对现代技术的历史本质进行追问。我们会发现马克思关于现代技术本质的思考，既不同于直观的唯物主义，也不同于历史的唯心主义，它是在历史意识和唯物主义真正统一的基础上对人的本质以及人的全面而自由发展的一种深思。我们不仅需要看到机器大工业的生产与人的本质、人的历史以及人的解放之间的联系，更要洞悉到机器大工业生产过程的历史维度，进而才能确立关于现代技术的唯物史观。伴随着机器大工业的历史发展，马克思越来越感到自然科学在其发展过程中的重要作用，其实现代技术的历史就是一部自然科学的历史，在人与自然相互作用的过程中，现代技术是二者发生联系的重要中介。因为有了自然科学的参与，机器大工业的生产过程变成了一个科学化的生产过程，因此我们有必要对现代技术的自然基础进行进一步的追问，理清现代技术与自然科学的关系以及在现代技术的自然科学中如何实现人的全面而自由的发展，进而才能全面了解现代技术的自然科学本质。从更根本的意义上看，机器大工业的生产过程就是资本主义的生产过程，这是从机器的资本主义应用的角度来看待机器的生产，也是我们从社会规定的方面对技术进行的更深一层次的追问，同时正是在现代技术的资本主义异化形态当中，马克思看到了现代技术的巨大能量，从马克思对资本主义社会的初级解剖和系统解剖当中，我们能更清晰和深入地把握到马克思科学技术哲学思想的独特之处和深刻之处，进而在历史唯物主义的广阔而深厚的历史视阈中把握到整个马克思科学技术哲学的思想体系。因此，只有从人的全面而自由发展的视域出发追问技术，我们才能深入到现代技术的历史性本质规定，才能把握现代技术的历史性发展过程，才能理解现代技术的历史性现实意义。现代技术的历史发展是实现人的全面而自由发展的现实途径，这一途径正是在现代技术的异化形态以及异化形态的扬弃过程中形成的。现代技术的资本主义应用虽然造成了人类的被奴役、被剥削，但它同时也给予了人类全面而自由发展的可能性。资本主义社会的现代技术发展虽然是为了成全资本家榨取剩余价值的欲望，但它同时也使得工人可能从局部的人潜在地发展为全面的人。事实上，马克思对于技术的追问并未过时，也不可能过时，因为只要我们还生活在资本占统治地位的机器大工业的时代，只要我们还需要继续洞察自身社会存在的历史本质，并且在这一深入的洞见中继续深入到现代技术的“历史的本质性的一度当中”，展现人的全面而自由发展的历史性存在方式，那么，从人的全面而自由发展的视域下追问现代技术就是挥之不去的动力，它始终会激励着我们在人类自我解放的历史发展道路上再次展开“技术的追问”。更多还原

【Abstract】 Marx’s thought on technologic philosophy is the important foundation andtheoretical resource of Marxist philosophy. It differs from any previous andcontemporary philosophers. Marx’s thinking horizon of modern technology hasworld-historic significance. In other words, Marx’s thought on modern technologyunfolds under the vision of human’s comprehensive and free development whichauthentically leads us into the technology of the past, present and future.The first thing that appeared in front of Marx’s modern technology was themanufacturing process of machine industry. As for the fact of machine manufacture,firstly, the historic essence of modern technology should be questioned. It shows thatMarx’s thought on essence of modern technology is different from both intuitivematerialism and historical idealism. It is a kind of thought of human’s essence and alsocomprehensive and free development on the basis of real unity of historicalconsciousness and materialism. It not only needs to find the connection betweenproduction of machine industry and human’s essence, history and liberation, but alsoneeds to insight into the historical dimension of manufacturing process of machineindustry. Then establish the historical materialism about modern technology. With thehistorical development of the machine industry, Marx felt the increasing importance ofnatural science in its development. In fact, the history of modern technology is ahistory of natural science. During the process of interaction between man and nature,modern technology is an important intermediary which connects modern technologyand natural science. Because of the participation of natural science, the manufacturingprocess of machine industry becomes a scientific production process. Therefore itdeserves to further question the natural foundation of modern technology and clear therelationship between modern technology and natural science. Find out how to achieve the human’s comprehensive and free development in natural science of moderntechnology. Thus the nature of natural science of modern technology could becomprehensively understood. From a more fundamental sense, the manufacturingprocess of modern machine industry is the manufacturing process of capitalism. It isalso a deeper inquiry of technology under the social rules from the perspective of theapplication of capitalism of the machine regarding to the machine production. At thesame time, Marx saw the tremendous power of modern technology in the form ofcapitalist alienation of modern technology. It can be more clearly and deeply to graspthe uniqueness and profoundity of Marx’s philosophical thought of science andtechnology from the primary anatomy and systematic anatomy to the capitalisticsociety, and then to grasp the entire ideological system of Marx’s science andtechnology philosophy throughout the vast and profound historical sphere of historicalmaterialism.Therefore, only under the vision of human’s comprehensive and free development,can the author digs into the historical nature of modern technology. The author cangrasp the historic development process of modern technology and realize its historicpractical significance. The historic development of modern technology is the practicalmethod to achieve human’s comprehensive and free development. This method formsthrough the alienation of modern technology and the sublating process of alienation.Capitalistic application of modern technology makes human suffer from slavery andexploitation, but it offers the possibility of human’s comprehensive and freedevelopment. Though the development of modern technology of capitalism fulfills thecapitalists’ desire to extract the surplus value, it makes it possible for workers totransform from partial to comprehensive. In fact, as long as we live in the time ofmachine industry ruled by capitalism, as long as we need to continue having an insightinto the historic nature of our social existence, as long as we dig into the historic natureof modern technology after the previous insight to reveal the historic state of existenceof human’s comprehensive and free development, it is not and will never be outmodedto question the technology. Therefore, it is a permanent power to question the modern technology under the vision of human’s comprehensive and free development. It willalways motivate the author to restart the “technical inquiry” on the path of historicdevelopment of human self-liberation.更多还原