【作者】 黄宇；

【导师】 张旭；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 刑法学， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 近年来，随着苏丹红、三聚氰胺、地沟油等一系列词汇频频传入人们的耳中，食品安全问题一时间成为举世瞩目的焦点。根据世界卫生组织的定义，食品安全是“食物中有毒、有害物质对人体健康影响的公共卫生问题”。食品安全问题涉及食品加工、存储、运输、销售等诸多环节。在这些环节中如果稍有不慎，都可能危害到人们的饮食环境，而是否拥有一个良好的饮食环境，小则关乎人们的健康，大则关系到一国的国计民生。因此，保障食品安全，进而营造一个安全而和谐的饮食环境意义重大，这也是笔者展开此项研究的初衷。而法律环境是保护食品安全的重要因素，因为，对于食品安全问题来说，法律具有保障和引导的作用。保障作用是说：运用法律对侵害食品安全的行为进行处罚，达到惩罚的效果；引导作用是说：运用法律对侵害食品安全行为的否定性评价和法律对侵害食品安全的行为的法律后果的预测，对已经实施侵害食品安全的人和可能实施侵害食品安全的人给予教育和指引，以此预防侵害食品安全的行为的发生。因此，如何运用法律对食品安全进行保护，尤其是利用刑法对食品安全问题进行规制，显得尤为重要。然而，观察我国规制食品安全犯罪的刑法条文，其在规制食品安全犯罪的目的（保护的法益或者维持的秩序）、罪状设置（我国刑法分则条文规定的食品安全犯罪的行为样态、行为对象、罪过形式等）、法定刑设置（尤其是财产刑的设置）等方面，与我国当前食品安全危害事实相对照；与相关行政法、民事法相对照以及与刑法内部的其他条文相对照具有不协调之处。这种“不协调”不仅使得我国规制食品安全犯罪的刑法条文与应对及预防食品安全问题的法律网络存在不兼容的问题，也不利于刑法对危害食品安全犯罪行为的有效惩治和预防。着眼于此，并受到我国刑法理论当中“关系刑法”的启发，笔者拟从关系的角度出发，对我国规制食品安全犯罪的刑法条文进行反思，并针对其存在的问题提出完善对策。笔者期望，通过本文的研究，不仅能够弥补我国学界从关系角度出发，对食品安全犯罪刑事立法问题进行系统研究的空白，更能够使得我国刑事立法朝着科学化、合理化的方向发展，并有效实现其保护国民饮食安全、维护国家长治久安之目的。具体而言，本文主要分为六个部分：首先在前言部分，主要交待了本文的研究背景、研究价值并期许了本文预计的创新点。食品安全在影响人们生命健康的同时，也对经济的发展产生着重大的影响，食品安全问题关系到社会主义市场经济秩序和社会秩序的稳定。然而在食品安全领域的违法犯罪活动却频频发生。如何从刑法的角度保障食品安全有效地打击危害食品安全的犯罪：重视对食品安全犯罪的刑事制裁就成了一个值得我们仔细研究的问题。食品安全问题由此进入我们的视野并成为我们对食品安全刑事立法保护问题进行研究的直接动因。本文就是在这样的背景下展开对食品安全刑事立法研究的讨论。刑法的正确适用,对及时打击食品安全违法犯罪行为,维持和改善食品安全状况,都是一个坚强的后盾。令人遗憾的是《刑法》作为其他部门法的保障法，在食品安全犯罪的惩治上却略显软弱，尤其是在与各部门法街接上存在断层。与食品安全问题领域其他部门法研究的热度相比，对食品安全刑事保护的研究相对薄弱。因此对食品安全刑事保护进行深入的研究,不仅是我国法律和实践两个层面的应对性需要同时也是促进我国刑事法律学科的完善和展充分发挥刑事法制预防和打击日益猖獗的食品犯罪的迫切需要。正文第一部分：研究视角的确定。文章第一部分是对基础理论的阐释。首先通过对当前国内学者对食品安全犯罪的研究进行归纳总结，整理出我国学者对食品安全犯罪刑事立法研究的特点，并找出有研究的不足。在前人研究的基础上，提出利用法律体系理论从，关系刑法视角对食品安全犯罪的刑事立法进行研究。正文第二部分：食品安全犯罪刑法规制研究。我国已经基本建立起食品安全法律规制体系，在行政法、经济法和民法领域都有对食品安全的规定。刑法作为各部门法的保障法，在本章节的第二部分对他的历史沿革和规制现状进行了详细梳理。第三部分是关系视角下的食品安全犯罪刑事立法检视。本部分从三个角度，对食品安全犯罪的刑法规制进行反思。首先是与食品危害事实相对照，总结出，规制食品安全犯罪的刑法条文略显单薄。又与其他部门法相对照，得出当前的规制食品安全犯罪的刑法条文与其他部门法之间缺乏协调性。最后又与刑法分则其他条文相对照，得出规制食品安全犯罪的刑法条文在刑法体系内体系性不强。第四部分是关系视角下的食品安全犯罪刑事立法完善对策。针对前文归纳总结出的食品安全犯罪刑事立法的缺陷与不足，本部分将从关系刑法学说的角度对食品安全犯罪刑事立法的完善提出建议。最后在结论部分归纳总结作者的观点。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years, along with a series of words such as Sudan, melamine, cookingoil frequently passed in people’s ears, food safety issues have become the focus ofnationwide attention for a time. According to definition of the World HealthOrganization, food security is a public health problem, related to food processing,storage, transportation, sales and many other aspects, that food toxic and hazardoussubstances have negative effects on human health. Even if the slightest mistake ofthese sectors are likely to harm the people’s diet in the environment. Whether is there asafe food environment or not, it is related to life and death. Thus, guarantee food safetyand create a safe food environment, which is the original intention of the author of thestudy launched. Moreover, the legal environment is an important factor in protectingfood safety, and the law has a role in the protection and guidance of food safety issues.Security role: to punish the acts against food safety laws, achieve the effect ofpunishment; Guiding role: the use of legal actions for violations of food safety lawsnegative evaluation and prediction of the behavior of violations of food safety laws andconsequences, have implemented food safety violations against the people and thepossible implementation of food safety education and guidance given to the person, inorder to prevent acts of infringement occurred food Safety. Therefore, how to use thelaw to protect food safety is particularly important.However, observing food safety regulations crime provisions of the CriminalCode, comparing its purpose (to protect legal interests, or to maintain order) in theregulation of food safety crime, guilt set (of criminal law provisions of the Food Safetycriminal acts like state, the object of conduct, sin forms, etc.), legal punishment(especially property Punishment settings), etc., with the fact that China’s current foodsafety hazards and related administrative law, civil law, and other provisions of thecriminal law, we found internal inconsistency. The inconsistency attributed to the incompatibility issues of our food safety regulations and the provisions of the CriminalCode to deal with crime and prevention of food safety problems Legal Network, andproblem of prevention and punishment of criminal law on the crime of food safetyhazards. To depart from the perspective of the relationship between, on the regulationof food safety crimes provisions of the Criminal Code to reflect and put forwardcountermeasures for improving its problems, and to fill in gaps in legislation on foodsafety issues in criminal from the perspective of the relationship, we launched thisstudy.This paper is divided into six parts:First, in the preface, we introduce the background and value of the research andexpectations of the projected herein innovation. The issues of food safety affectpeople’s lives and health, economic development and generate significant impact onfood safety issues related to the stability of the socialist market economic order andsocial order. However, there is frequent occurrence of criminal activities in the field offood safety. How to protect food safety effectively and combat crimes which endangerfood safety from the perspective of criminal law: criminal anti-system emphasis onfood safety crime became a problem worthy of our careful study. Thus food safetyissues come into our vision and become the direct cause of our study on the criminalprotection of food safety issues. In this context, we discussed the problem of criminallegislation on food safety. The correct application of the criminal law is a strongbacking in promptly combating criminal acts of food safety and in maintaining andimproving the food security situation. Unfortunately "criminal law" as otherdepartment law protection, on the food safety crime punishment is slightly weak,especially in the street, with various sectors there is fault. With food safety issues,compared to other department law research in the field of the heat of the criminalprotection of food safety research is relatively weak. So in-depth research on foodsafety criminal protection, not only is our country law and practice two levels ofresponse to sexual needs and promote the improvement of the criminal law of ourcountry and show give full play to the criminal legal system to prevent and strike theurgent needs of the increasingly rampant food crime.The first part: determine of research perspective. The first part of the article is to explain the basic theory. First of all, based on the current domestic scholars papersummarizes the study of food safety crime, sort out of our country’s scholars researchon food safety criminal legislation characteristics, and find out the shortage of theresearch. On the basis of previous studies, this paper puts forward using the theory oflegal system from the perspective of relationship between the criminal law on foodsafety to study the criminal legislation of the crime.The second part: research of Food safety crime in criminal law. China hasbasically established a system of legal regulation of food safety, food safety regulationshave in administrative law, economic law and civil fields. Crime Code is Penal LawProtection Act of each department, and in the second part of this chapter to his historyregulatory status and detail comb.The third part is the examination of the food safety legislation the relationshipbetween criminal offenses Perspective. From three angles, we reflected the criminalregulation of food safety crimes. The first is the fact that in contrast with food hazards,concluded that regulation of food safety provisions of the Criminal Code offenses bitthin. Secondly, in contrast with other branches of law, draw a lack of coordinationbetween the current food safety regulations and other provisions in the Criminal Codecrimes law department. Finally, with the other provisions of criminal law in contrast,results of food safety regulation in the criminal provisions of the criminal law systemof criminal justice system are not strong.The fourth part is to improve countermeasures of the criminal legislation to foodsafety crime in relationship Perspective. Against defects and deficiencies previouslysummarized the Criminal food safety legislation, the legal system in this section willbe based on the theory put forward suggestions for improving food safety legislationfrom the Criminal Penal relations theory perspective.Finally, concluding section.更多还原