【作者】 孙佳；

【导师】 程妮娜；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 专门史， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 笔者拟从地方行政制度史和区域史的角度入手，在对金代行政路制的多体制并行模式进行纵向动态研究的同时，横向探讨金代行政路制的内部运行格局，进而考察金代行政路制格局或特点背后的深层原因，力求全面展现金代行政路制的发展与变化，以期能够为金代地方行政制度史和中国北方区域史的整体研究尽绵薄之力。开展金代行政路制研究，厘清金朝基本的最高地方行政区划建置体制，不仅有利于对金代的地方政治结构进行深刻剖析，透视金朝政治制度的演进过程，同时也能帮助我们更为客观地去看待宋、金、元三代制度的更迭关系。笔者将文本设计为如下七个部分：绪论部分。这一部分对本选题的核心问题金代“行政路”的概念加以阐释，行政路是指金朝的最高地方行政区划建置，既是一种地理区划定义，也是一种行政体制概念。同时对本选题研究的必要性与可行性、学科属性、研究视角和范围，学界相关研究成果的状况，论文的研究思路与主要创新点加以论述。第一章，影响金初行政路制确立的背景因素。本章以“历时性”的源发角度为切入点，对这些背景因素逐次展开回顾和探讨，进而对该时段的历史语境形成一个初步的认识与构建，以期能够以政治、历史、地理、文化的共生作用为前期视角，去引起下一章对金初行政路建置问题的讨论，同时也为全文内容的展开奠定基础。女真建国以前，女真军事部落大联盟的三级区域结构和猛安谋克制度向地方行政组织的演化使女真统治者具有了以行政区划建置统治地方的概念。女真建国以后，国家体制的确立，疆域和人口的扩充，为金初行政路制的确立配备了基本的客观条件。辽、宋制度为金初统治者建立行政路制提供借鉴。第二章，金代行政路建置沿革考论。本章是对金代行政路之“形”的考察，主要对金初三种行政路制——金源地区的万户路、原辽地区的都统或军帅司路、原宋地区的兵马总管府路，以及金熙宗以后统一的兵马都总管府路制下的三种路制类型——京路、都路、府路的建置沿革进行梳理，对金代行政路制形成的过程和分划进行全面的分析。同时对于行政路建置名称相似的路下路、中京（金昌府）、行总管府三个建置进行辨析和考述，认为它们并非行政路建置。第三章，金代行政路官署机构解读。本章是在《金史百官志》的基础上，对金代行政路之“制”的第一个层面——官署机构的组织形式整合与补充。金太祖、太宗时期，万户路，路治设万户府，在长官万户之外，还设有万户令史，其他官员设置情况无考。都统或军帅司路，路治设都统司或军帅司。都统司地位高于军帅司，长官为都统，设有副官为副都统。军帅司长官为军帅，是否设置副官无考。兵马都总管府路，路治设总管府。其长官为兵马都总管，因缺乏史料的记述，笔者推断其建置应与熙宗以后的总管府路相似，但是否完备，存疑。金熙宗以来统一的兵马都总管府路制，京路、都路、总管府的职官名称存在差异。京路，路治设留守司，其官职皆称留守官；都路，路治在国都设府，平时为都府官职，皇帝出巡时设留守司官职；总管府路，路治设总管府，其官职皆为总管府官称谓。增补“会宁牧”、“知某府（事）”、“治中”三个官职。笔者发现从世宗大定末年开始“知某府（事）”、“治中”之名逐渐取代“府尹”、“少尹”的称谓。第四章，金代行政路职能辨析。本章从吏户礼兵刑工的角度，对金代行政路之“制”的第二层面——职能进行探讨，主要包括政治职能、经济职能、司法职能、军事职能，以及其他一些职能和义务，来考察行政路在本路管理中具体的权力。笔者从研究中发现，金代行政路是军政合一的性质金朝一级地方行政区划建置，具有安置猛安谋克户与府州县民户、督导农业、配合转运司通检推排、防治河患、审理诉讼、鞫纠疑案和冤案、解决州县纠纷、治安、戍卫、戍边、对内平乱、对外征战、战时供应和转运军需、参与国家祭祀与皇亲国戚治丧、参与外交事务、上报政务和参议朝政等诸多职能。第五章，金代行政路路官考述。本章笔者根据目前所掌握的文献和石刻资料进行了整理，对带有多民族性质的行政路路官群体——“人”的具体任职、分流情况和特点进行探讨，结合金朝社会的历史大背景来分析，将“形”、“制”、“人”进行综合研究，力求在这个过程中，能够得到关于金代行政路制内部运行格局的相关启示。结论部分。是对全文的总结与升华。更多还原

【Abstract】 The author intends to study on the angle of the local administrativehistory and regional history, researching on the multi-institutionalparallel mode longitudinally and the internal operating pattern laterally.Then we investigate on the deeper reasons, in order to take on a wholeprocession of the administrative lusystem in Jin dynasty, which could takesome benefits to the study on the local administrative system and regionalhistory of northern China.To do the research on Jin’s administrativelusystem is aimed to emerge a clear description about the highest localadministrative divisions system, it not only makes a beneficial analysison the local political structures on Jin dynasty and the evolution ofJin’s political system, but also can help us to look at the systemrelationship between the change of the Song, Jin, Yuan, the threegenerationsobjectively. The author designs the paper into the followingseven parts.Above of all is the introduction section. First, we make the coreconcept of Jin’s“Administrative Lu”clearly, meaning the highestadministrative division, which is not only a geographical definition, andis also a kind of administrative system concept. In the Meanwhile, we alsotalk about the necessity and feasibility on the studies of this topic,thesubject property, the scope of research perspective, academic statusprior studies， the research ideas and methods. Finally, the majorinnovations and the main research procedures are attached.Chapter I is the factors affecting on the establishment of theadministrative lu system in Jin’s preliminary stage. We talk about thesefactors in turn. And then, we just construct an oriented understand aboutthe historical situation of this period of time, with the previous view from the symbiotic role of politics, history, geography and culture, whichcould cause the discussion of the administrative lu system in Jin’spreliminary stage in the next chapter, and also make a basement of thewhole essay. Before the establishment of the Jurchen country, the Jurchenmilitary tribal alliance’s regional structure with three classes and theMeng anmouke’ becoming a local administrative organization give the rulera concept of using the local administrative division system for governing.As the Jurchen country builded up, the state system, the enlarged territoryand people provide the basic objective conditions for the establishmentof the administrative lu system in Jin’s preliminary stage. And the systemof Liao and Song also make some efforts during this procession.Chapter II is the building procession of Jin’s administrative lusystem. This chapter maily discusses the "shape" of administrative lusystem in Jin dynasty. It talks about the the building procession of theWanhu lu builded up in the origindistrict of Jurchen, the Dutong si orJunshuai si lu setted up in the district which used belonged to Liao, theBingmaduzongguanfu lu established in the used Song district. And it alsodescribes a forming procedureof the uniformBingmaduzongguanfu lu systemsince Jin xizong, which takes on Jing lu, Du lu, Zongguanfu lu the threestyles. Meanwhile we also observe and analyze the three establishments,which are Luxialu, Zhongjing（Jinchang fu）,and Xingzongguanfu, notbelonged to Jin’s administrative lu system.Chapter III is the deconstruction on the government offices of Jin’sadministrative lu system. This chapter goes to investigate the firstmeaning of Jin’s administrative lu system, which is the organizationformat of the government offices. In the period of Jin taizu and Jin taizong,Wanhu fu is the government office of Wanhu lu, which has the position suchas Wanhu, Wanhulingshi. Dutong si and Junshuai si set the officialpositions as Dutong, vice-Dutong, Junshuai. Bingmaduzongguanfu lu maybe holds the same official decemvirates with the Zongguanfu lu since Jinxizong. The uniform Bingmaduzongguanfu lu system since Jin xizong, whichtakes on Jing lu, Du lu, Zongguanfu lu the three styles. Jing fu installsLiushou si, with Liushou officials positions. Du lu sets Du fu usuallyand Liushou si when the emperor goes out. Zongguanfu lu builds upZongguanfu as the government office, with the Zongguanfu officialspositions.Meanwhile, it is also addes the missing names of the offices，such as “Huining mu”,“Zhifushi”, and “Zhizhong”. The author findsout that the name of “Fuyin” and “Shaoyin” are instead by “Zhifushi”and “Zhizhong” since the last years of Jin shizong gradually.Chapter IV is the functions of the administrative lu system in Jindynasty. This chapter makes a survey on the second meaning of Jin’sadministrative lu system from the view of lihulibingxinggong, whichincludes political functions, economic functions, judicial functions,military functions, as well as a number of other functions and obligations.Jin’s administrative lu system is the the highest administrative divisionwith military and politicalcharacters in the same time. It has thefunctions as followed, including arranging forMeng anmoukes and peopleliving in fu, zhou and xian, making agricultural supervision, attendingthe tongjiantuipai work coordinating with Zhuanyunsi, Preventing andcontrolling the damage and disaster causing by the rivers, judging thelawsuits, picketing the disputed cases and unjust cases, solving thearguments among fu, zhou, xian, maintaining the public security,garrisoning the lu, garrisoning the frontiers, pacifying the innerdisturbances, goingonthe outer expeditions, providing military supplieswhen the wars happen, joining in the national ritual, conducting thediplomaticaffairs and missions, reporting government administrations,and participatingin the national affairs. Chapter V is the study on the officers of the administrative lu systemin Jin dynasty. This chapter established a data of "people"--the officers,based on the literature and carved stone document. And it mainly talkedabout the features of their positions and triage situation, combined withthe historical and social background to the Jin dynasty. Due to thecomprehensive study on the "shape ","system","people",we could get moreinternal operating patterns on the administrative lu system in Jindynasty.Finally, the conclusion section is a summary of the full text andsublimation.更多还原