【作者】 刘红英；

【导师】 白杨；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 中国现当代文学， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 严歌苓是当代北美新移民作家中的佼佼者。考察严歌苓的文学世界，我们发现她并没有刻意追求形式创新与小说主题的新奇，而是在敏锐细腻的感受中捕捉复杂多变的人性。对人性本色的探究与深层关注，凝结在艺术之中的是强烈的审美震撼力。本论文在人性这一总体尺度下分六个部分来展开对严歌苓小说的阐释。首先绪论部分交待了严歌苓的生平及其创作分期，对目前学界对严歌苓创作的研究做了整理归纳，在此基础上，总结前人研究成果，提出本论文的创新点及研究思路。第一章首先论析严歌苓文学意识的生成，重在梳理严歌苓的童年经验对她从事创作的影响。以此来看严歌苓文学道路的选择，从而与众多华文作家拉开了距离。其次探析她移民美国的经历与体验，作为“游牧”民族之一员的感怀与抱负，可见严歌苓创作的价值期待与文化视野。最后指出她的创作意图同时也是她重点关注的内容，即对人性的剖析与刻画。在人性的总体把握下，对其创作的各个方面逐章分解。第二章阐释严歌苓小说中的人物形象。严歌苓构塑了众多的艺术形象，体现了一位卓越艺术家的想象力和思想穿透力。对女性形象的描绘中，她没有简单地进行身份鉴定。对革命女性形象，重在描写小人物的生活处境与思想递变的历程，深入揭示革命对人性的异化。另一方面，严歌苓又极力探讨人性在极致环境中的完满与自足，创造出了多姿多彩的民间女性形象。她们不仅具有浑然淳朴的性格特色，还具有一种自由狂欢的精神。比较而言，严歌苓对男性形象的塑造没有女性形象那样丰厚，但不同的生存处境与个性特征却也展现的淋漓尽致，尤其是在现代历史语境下对知识分子形象的思考，揭示他们在荒诞年代中的特定遭遇和担当意识。第三章探析人性视域下的伦理关系。家族伦理关系的探讨是文学审美的重要构成，也是作家审视人性善恶的场域。严歌苓通过一部部作品向传统道德伦理提出挑战，发出了新移民文学中最独特的声音。第一节深入思考男权文化下父子关系的体现。由弑父到嫉父的描摹，深入到人的心灵深处，透视人性的丑恶、压抑甚至毁灭。第二节考察从人性的角度来重塑风流母亲的形象。在严歌苓的笔下，呈现出多元复杂的母亲形象。尤其是在母女伦理关系上，存在着隔膜、怨恨，甚至竞争与嫉妒，最后走向和解与包容。第三节论析严歌苓小说中的夫妻伦理。重在分析夫妻之间追逐与背叛、守候与交错、叛离而改嫁、屈辱而求生的多元状态。第四节论述情爱伦理的诗学构想。严歌苓通过异国恋的题材，探讨的并不仅仅是爱情，而是通过思考中西方爱情观的差异，着眼于对爱情背后所蕴含的生命困境进行思考。第四章论析漂泊者的生存体验和诗学之思。严歌苓书写了“漂泊者”的人生境遇与生命体验，描摹了“边缘人”的精神失落以及对“家园”的找寻。第一节借用一些意象来论析处于双重边缘的孤独者的生存体验与诗意人生。第二节论析“流浪者”的精神表现。在“漂泊”主题的背后，隐含着严歌苓对人类生存实质的本体论思考。第三节论析回望的“中国形象”。海外华人作家因为生活在异国他乡，与中国大陆地理距离的相隔，造成了它们内心永远难解的情结。严歌苓描摹了“文革”前后的“中国”，为我们呈现了一段独特年代的人性景观。第四节论析严歌苓叙写夹缝人、边缘人的漂泊本质，体现了对人类处境的深切把握，触及到“形而上无家可归”的生存本质。第五章探讨严歌苓小说的叙事策略和审美原则。严歌苓善于构塑各类文学意象，它们都有隐喻意义和特殊指涉。这些意象体现了含蓄无垠的结构张力，成为艺术花园中最靓丽的一道风景。严歌苓的小说在乐观笔调中隐藏着深深的悲观，在轻快文风背后喻含着悲哀的主题。她的作品负载了深湛的内含，形式上具有丰富多元的叙事策略，显示了她高超的文本驾驭能力。本章通过意象营造、悲剧意识、复调特色、美丑对照、影视化手法等四个方面来论析严歌苓小说的艺术风格，深入揭示其小说创作的独特魅力。第六章探析严歌苓创作的思想资源。在严歌苓的文学世界中，“雌性”这个概念尤为突出。中国文化传统中儒家伦理倡导“和乐盈盈”的文化心理，任何人都应该爱惜生命，以乐观长寿为美德。老庄哲学主张“弱者道之用”，如果想长久保全肉身，就应该“专心致柔”。佛禅的奥义主张举世无争，平静忍耐一切。严歌苓小说皆含有这些文化传统的因子。透过分析，“雌性”的本质便能得到更清晰的理解。第二节论析严歌苓小说对“两希”文化传统的吸纳与借鉴。严歌苓认同基督教文化中伦理观念，同时对古希腊人本精神的吸纳，使其创作具有了厚重的价值底蕴。更多还原

【Abstract】 Geling Yan is a brilliant Chinese-American writer. In her literary creation, sheseeks not novelty in themes and forms but capricious human nature. Her in-depthexploration of humanity arouses emotional resonance in readers.This paper analyzes Yan’s revelation of human nature in her novels from sixaspects. The introduction part explains her life story and major phases of her writing. Italso includes an overview of literary critics on her novel. Besides, the new findingsand the design of this study are also pointed out.The first chapter discusses the formation of her ideas on literature based on theexperience of her childhood. Besides, her immigration to the United States afterwardsgave her more thoughts about diaspora and cultural identity. On top of everything, herpurposes of literary creation and her major concern—presentation of humannature—are made clear.The second chapter explores the characters in Yan’s novels. From the many figuresshe creates, we can see the extent of her imaginations and the depth of her thoughts.Her depictions of women do not stop at labelling their identity. For the images ofrevolutionary women, she gives a vivid narration of their existence and the process ofchanges in their thoughts, thereby revealing how revolution alienates human. On theother hand, Yan also observes the flexibility and resilience of human potentials underextremity. Therefore, a variety of folk women appear in her novels, featuring naturaland free spirit. In contrast, the male characters are less impressive. However, she issuccessful in visualizing their personality and living conditions, especially thesuffering of intellectuals and their sense of responsibilities in absurd historicalcontexts.The third chapter analyzes ethical relations from the perspective of human nature.As is well known, familial relationship is an important theme of literary works andalso a field for writers to reflect on human nature. Yan challenges traditional ethicsthrough her works which makes her stand out in immigrant writers. The first sectiondeals with the abnormal relationship between father and son. From patricide tojealousy of father, she delves into people’s souls to disclose the ugly part of humannature, such as depression and destroying drive. The second section focuses on therelationship between mother and daughter, which is bruised by estrangement,resentments, competition and jealousy but finally reconciled. The third section tackles the relationship between husband and wife. She puts thoughts on couple’s chase andbetrayal, waiting and missout, separation and remarriage, humiliation and survival.The forth section elaborates on the ethics of love affairs in her novels. Throughcross-cultural romance, she writes not just about love but cultural differences and thepredicament resulted from it.The fourth chapter discusses her experience as an immigrant and her poeticthoughts. She is concerned with diaspora’s situation and feelings, describing the lossand pursuit of spiritual home among the marginalized. The first section narrates theloners living between two cultures and their sentiments. The second section exploresthe mental world of the wanderers. The third section shows China in the memories ofthe overseas Chinese as the distance between cultures leaves an everlasting entangledcomplex in them. She portrays China during and after the Cultural Revolution whichtakes on a unique landscape about human nature. The fourth section analyzes the senseof metaphysical homelessness among immigrants and the nature of their existence.The fifth chapter discusses the narrative strategies and aesthetic principles inYan’s novels. She is good at capturing all kinds of literary images with specialmetaphors and references, which are of implicitness and structural tension, constitutinga most beautiful scenery in literary garden. Besides, her novels are dominant by a deeppessimistic tone beneath mirthful scenes and sorrowful themes with a light tone. Aprofound meaning conveyed by a variety of narrative devices shows her excellentcommand of language. This chapter highlights the carefully chosen images, tragicconsciousness, polyphonic features, filming techniques, to reveal the unique charm ofher novels.The sixth chapter goes deep into Yan’s philosophy—rooted in Chinese culture yettinged with western culture. In her literary world, the notion of femaleness prevails. Asembodied in the traditional philosophy of harmony advocated by Confucianism,“being weak to stay alive” by Laozi and Zhuangzi, and being tolerant by Buddhism,femaleness is better understood and conveyed. However, in the second section, herassimilation of western culture—Judeo-christian and ancient Greek culture—isanalyzed, with which, her novels can be savored from multi-levels of philosophicalviews, and therefore rich in values.更多还原