【作者】 王永伟；

【导师】 刘仲林；

【作者基本信息】 中国科学技术大学 ， 科学技术哲学， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 文理的融合不论是在教育制度、社会问题还是在学理层次方面都是当前讨论的热点话题,它事关杰出科技人才培养、人文成果创新、各类工程安全、人与自然关系乃至群体性事件等等。学界关于文理异同的分析多倾向于将文理作为一个平面上相互静止的图形来比较,也有学者涉及到了实践领域的文理融合,但都乏于具有哲学深度的反思,而从中西哲学、中西科学比较的大视野关照两者并基于当前现实构建理论框架的更是少见。哲学应该关注现实、应对现实问题,从现实中来到现实中去,这也是本文基本的思路,即从当前国内哲学发展现状、当前国内文理对峙现状的特点出发提出理论构想,最后又将理论拉向实践层面,从而在实践层面为哲学发展、文理对峙的化解提出应对策略。哲学不仅在于其精致的字面上论证严密的理论体系,也在于其字面背后对于世界感悟的主客相泯式的修养。所以中西对举给我们带来了一种博大的哲学视野,在这种视野下反观哲学、反观科学与人文无疑都会更加深刻而全面。在研究方法上,为了摸准各类现状,本文基本都采用了案例和计量方法(含文献计量),力争做到紧扣现实命脉,言之而有数。在现实分析的基础上,本文主要采用文献法、比较法、历史法等说明文理各自特点,及提出创学设想。本文极力想说明和论证的话题有以下几个：1、当代中国哲学学科的整体发展很难说已经产生了能够反映时代特点并能有效应对各种哲学难题的新范式,原因在于大师的缺乏。而哲学家多数都精于对某个知识点做学术史的梳理,延续着千年注经的传统,都精于对国外著作的引介而缺乏关照这些舶来品与当下国内“火热”生活及民族文化传统的衔接,这和当前哲学学科人才中近亲繁殖、不重视跨学科训练等因素不无关系,而深层原因则在于缺乏创新的意识。这可从百篇优博的分析中看出。2、当代中国哲学理论几乎未对当前中国文理对峙现状作出具有针对性的解释和回应。科学由于在政策的几乎所有方面都占据绝对优势而盛气凌人,传统人文学科式微。对于科学傲慢的“打压”及对于人文的彰显理应成为新哲学建设的着力点之一。而当前最适宜沟通两者的科学哲学不论在内容抑或是研究群体上都较难承担这一重任,这从我们对于科哲研究团体的分析中可以看出。3、理学不仅指西方的自然科学,还应该做更广的理解,如中国的理学——格致之学,两者都趋向于成物,一为内学特色一为外学特色,具有内学特色的中国成物的格致学在沟通科学与人文方面有着天然的优势,如其所具有的形而中模式。4、心学即成己之学,在中国表现为心性学,在西方表现为心理学,同样对于心的认识,一为外学特色一为内学特色,一方着重于对这一团血肉的精确实证分析或功能上的可以言说方面的实验,一方则着重于对其知情意行综合体的整体体验。5、创造含有成己成物两个维度,所以创学可以融合内外的理学和心学,唯物辩证法通向成物,心灵之至通向成己,知本达至融合了二者。创学不是创造学在中国,而是打有中国文化本质印记的创造学,其具有知行合一、安身立命、修养、生成的特色。在创学的视域下构建具有修养特色的科学哲学——科学修养哲学是一个可行的思路。6、创学要成为对社会有益的思想必须普在民所,中华文化大学即是先行者；而将创学融入学历教育的课堂,应该重视与《中国文化概论》课的结合问题以及在两课中讲授需要注意的具体问题；真正关注创造的科研在其源头上应该“正”,这种源头如古代文化的精髓、现实社会的问题,在方法上不能仅仅满足于书斋里的思辨,而更要打开书斋融入生活,在教育上应该加强跨学科成分。总之,哲学理论不能满足于旧范式的修修补补,而应该努力使有中国传统特色的范式成为形而上学转换的阿基米德点,立足本土开创中国特色学术话语。更多还原

【Abstract】 The integration of science and humanity is a hot topic, whether in the education system, social issues or not. It is related to the training of the outstanding scientist, innovation of cultural achievements, all kinds of engineering safety, the relationship between humankind and nature, as well as group events and so on. Academic analysis on the topic inclined to compare humanity and science in a static surface, some scholars related to the practice areas, but all lack of reflection with philosophical depth, and from the comparison of Western philosophy, Western scientific and Chinese philosophy,Chinese science, and it is rare to build the theoretical framework.Philosophy should be concerned about the real, deal with real problems, come from reality and to reality, which is the basic concern of this article, namely from the current development of domestic philosophy status quo, the trait of confrontation status quo of domestic science and humanity to bring forward the theory conception, and finally appeal the theory turn to the practical level, thereby proposing solutions for development of philosophy, and the confrontation of science and humanity in the aspect of practice. Philosophy is not only exquisite literally closely argued theoretical system, but also the self-cultivation on the grounds of obliterate of subject and object which relates to the awareness of the world behind its literal perception. So raising the Chinese and the Western at the same time has brought us a big philosophical perspective, in this perspective to reflect on philosophy, reflect on science and humanities will undoubtedly be more profound and comprehensive.On the research methods, in order to know all kinds of situations, this paper basically uses the case and measurement methods (including bibliometrics), closely linked to reality. On the basis of analysis of reality, this paper adopts varying methods of documental, comparative, historic, etc. to characteristics humanities and science, finally to proposed Chuang-Xue.This article tried to explain and demonstrate the following topics:1. It is hardly to say that the overall development of contemporary Chinese philosophy discipline has produced a new paradigm which can reflect the characteristics of the times and to deal with various philosophical problems, namely we lack of a master. Philosophers who are proficient to do some sort of historical analysis on a knowledge point which continuing the tradition of injection for thousands of years, and proficient to introduce foreign works which lack of our own theory foundation to concern these exotic, which is relate to the current inbreeding in philosophical discipline talents, do not pay a attention to interdisciplinary training and other factors, and the deep reason is the lack of a sense of innovation. This can be seen from the hundred NEDD analysis.2. There is almost no contemporary Chinese philosophy explained and respond to the current situation of confrontation between Chinese humanities and science. Science are absolutely dominant and domineering in almost all aspects of science policy, and traditional humanities have declined."Suppressing" the arrogant science, and demonstrating the humanities should become one of the focus points in new philosophy building. And the philosophy of science which is the most appropriate to communicate the two can hardly bear the heavy responsibility no matter in the aspect of its theory or in the aspect of its research community, which can be seen from our analysis on the research community of philosophy of science.3. Li-Xue refers not only to the Western natural sciences, but also to a broader understanding, such as Chinese Li-Xue—Investigate Things and Extend Knowledge study, both of them tend to the Refining of Things, the former is characterized Things Study, the later is characterized Self Study, and Investigate Things and Extend Knowledge study is appeared to have the natural advantage in the communication of sciences and humanities, such as the mode named midphysics (形而中)4. Xin-Xue Serves the Refining of Self, it appears as the study of tendency nature in China, and psychology in the west, the former is characterized Self Study, and the latter is characterized Things Study. The former focuses on accurate empirical analysis of human body and the speakable experiment on the function, the latter focuses on the overall experience of its knowledge, sensibility, sense, and behaviour.5. There are two dimensions of creation, the Refining of Self and the Refining od things. So Chuang-Xue can integrate Li-Xue and Xin-Xue within and outside, dialectical materialism leads to the Refining of Things, spiritual matter leads to the Refining of Self, Learn the nature and attain mental ideal(知本达至) is up to blend two of them. Chuang-Xue is not to creation studies in China, but China’s creation studies, which has a series of unique feature as "the unity of knowing and doing","settle down and get on with one’s pursuit", self-cultivation, generating, etc.. It is a viable idea to construct the philosophy of science with distinctive self-cultivation feature under the perspective of Chuang-Xue, we call it philosophy of self-cultivation science. 6. It does not becomes the power to reform the society, until Chuang-Xue could be understood by everyone. In some sense the open University of Chinese Culture gives example to us; in the realm of curricula education, we should pay attention to the " Introduction to Chinese Culture" and Politics-ideology teaching to propagate Chuang-Xue; academic pursuit should stress creation, such as the essence of the Chinese ancient culture and the social reality in China, so the intellectuals must blend in social, also interdisciplinary research should be strengthened.In short, we cannot satisfy with the old paradigm of the philosophy,and we should strive to transform the paradigm of traditional Chinese metaphysics to Archimedean point of new philosophy, based on the local characteristics to establish the Chinese discourse system.更多还原