【作者】 鲁先锋；

【导师】 赵康；

【作者基本信息】 苏州大学 ， 政治学理论， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 计算机的广泛应用以及计算机与现代通信技术相结合为标志的第五次信息革命已成为当今社会的主要特点。从互联网社会的形成及依存关系看，它不是对原有社会结构的彻底抛弃或重构，而是在多重因素作用下新技术和社会结构相互嵌置的产物。在政治领域，网络舆论、网络民主、网络权利、网络决策等日益成为影响政治发展的重要因素。因此，在网络背景下政治系统能否完成自身调适，能否实现政策议程设置方式的转变将是一个值得探究的问题。在本文研究过程中，主要采用阐释主义和实证主义相结合的研究方法。从传播学、政治学和社会学的多学科交叉视角对政策议程设置进行研究，并结合国内外文献成果，归纳形成“网络公共领域—公众议程—政策议程”的理论建构。最后运用跨案例研究方法，对原理论假设进行印证，并在分析问题的基础上，提出修正和完善的措施。本研究认为，政策议程设置是在触发机制作用下而产生的一个连续的、多阶段的递进过程。这种变化过程和特点在理性模型和非理性模型之中都有不同的体现。为缓解政策议程的理性模式与普适性之间的矛盾，“权力距”模型作为一个改良模式具有一定的解释力。政策议程设置过程是各主体相互竞争的过程，排斥的价值体系、封闭的政治系统、隔阻的信息传递和隐蔽的议程操纵等多重因素容易对政策议程设置构成障碍。政策议程设置离不开政策主体与外部环境之间的互动关系。网络的普及实际扩大了公众的话语权，有利于民主参与和网络协商，使日益被公共权力和商业资本侵蚀的公共领域获得重新崛起的希望。究其内在效应而言，网络公共领域具有重塑功能、整合功能、协商功能、批判功能。而外在效应在于搭建了政治公共领域与公共权力领域之间的民意反馈渠道，有助于提升政策质量，增加公众对政策行为的认可。在网络情境下，公共决策机构与外部环境之间的“输入——转化——输出”关系具体表现为网络议程、公众议程和政策议程之间的互动转化关系。在网络化背景下，精英主义政策议程设置模式、多元主义政策议程设置模式和公民参与式议程设置模式都发生了变化。网络扩大了公民参与渠道，使原先局限于精英和少数决策者的政策议程设置日益受到挑战，另一方面，网络并没有完全消除公民参与的不平等，原有的政策主体也千方百计地将网络纳入决策过程，并对自身的决策模式作出调适。我国是人民民主专政的社会主义国家，中国共产党作为全国各族人民利益的代表，在政策议程设置过程，发挥了极其重要的地位。改革开放后，公民的主体性复位迫使政策议程设置由少数政治精英的“锁定”状态向公民参与政策议程设置的趋势变化。尤其在网络条件下，政治精英能够觉察到社会需求并主动将其提上政策议程，或者公众作为外在参与诉求者利用网络动员迫使决策者对政策问题作出回应。网络公共领域影响政策议程设置的方式和特点可以从不同的网络案例分析中获得解释。通过对比“孙志刚事件”、“厦门PX事件”和“新医保改革”等三个不同的典型案例，发现政策议程设置的外部环境、运行过程及主体等方面已经出现了新的特点和变化，但政策议程与网络公共领域之间的脱配也导致了政策议程设置的被动性、应急性和非理性等问题。因此，为推动政策议程设置的有序发展，需要及时、有效地调适网络、传统媒体、政府、非政府组织、公众等不同主体之间的关系，建立更加民主、开放、透明、高效的公共决策系统。但这也是一个渐进的过程，一些深层次的问题仍然有待进一步解决。更多还原

【Abstract】 The fifth information revolution, which is marked by the wide application ofcomputer and the combination of computer and modern communication technology, hasbecome the main characteristics of today’s society. From the formation and thedependence of the Internet society, it is not to abandon or refactor the original socialstructure completely, but it is the product of new technology and social structure underthe effect of multiple factors embedded mutually. In politics, internet public opinion,internet democracy, internet rights, internet decision-making and other internet activitesare increasingly becoming the important factors that affect political development.Therefore, it will become an important question to explore whether political system canadjust its own or change the way of of policy agenda setting under the background ofinternet.In the process of research, the auther mainly adopts the combined researchmethods of interpretivism and positivism and attempts to focus on research of policyagenda setting from the joint multidisciplinary angle of communication, politics andsociology. On the basis of the literature achievements at home and abroad, the theoryconstruct of “internet public sphere-public agenda-policy agenda” is summarized andformed. Finally cross-case study method is used to verify the primary theoreticalassumptions and, on the analysis of the problem, some correction and improvementmeasures are put forward.This study shows that policy agenda setting is a continuous, progressive,multi-stage process under the triggering mechanism. This changing process andcharacteristics in the rational and irrational models have different embodiments. To easethe contradiction between the rational model and the universalone on policy agenda, themodel of “power distance” as a modified model has certain explanatory power. Policy agenda setting is a process of different subjects competing. Multiple factors such asconflicting value system, closed political system, hindering information transmissionand hidden agenda manipulation are easy to pose obstacles to policy agenda setting.Policy agenda setting can hardly do beyond the interaction of the policy subjectsand external environment. The popularity of the internet in fact expands the public voice,which is conducive to democratic participation and internet consultation, and makepublic sphere that is increasingly eroded by public authority and commercial capitalobtain the hope of re-emergence. Internet public sphere has the functions of publicityreshaping, network integrating, democracy negotiating, policy criticizing in its internaleffect and the functions to bridge the public opinion feedback channels betweenpolitical public sphere and public power sphere in its external effect, which is conduceto improving the quality of policy and increasing public recognition of policy actions. Inthe internet context, the relationship of “input-transformation-output” between thepublic decision-making mechanism and the external environment is embodied ininteraction and transformation between internet agenda, public agenda and policyagenda.Under the background of network, elitism policy agenda-setting mode, pluralistpolicy agenda-setting mode and citizen participatory agenda-setting mode have changed.On one hand, internet, expanding the channels of citizen participation, makes theoriginal policy agenda-setting limited to elites and a few policymakers increasinglychallenged. On the other hand, internet has not completely eliminated the inequality ofcitizen participation.The original policy subjects are attempting to absorb advantages ofinternet into their decision-making process and make adjustment to the decision modelof themselves. Our country is a socialist country with the people’s democraticdictatorship, in which the Communist Party of Chin（aCPC）, as the representative of theinterests of all Chinese ethnic groups, is playing an extremely important role in theprocess of policy agenda-setting. After the reform and opening up, the citizen’ssubjectivity reset forces the “lock” status of policy agenda-setting by a few politicalelites to move to the trends of citizen participation in policy agenda-setting. Especiallyunder the condition of internet, political elites can be aware of the social needs and be active to carry on policy agenda, or the public as external appealing participators useinternet to mobilize and force policymakers to respond to the policy issues.The way and characteristics of internet public sphere affecting policyagenda-setting can get proper explanation from different case analysis. Some newcharacteristics and changes of the policy agenda-setting can be found in externalenvironment, operation process and subjects by comparing three different typical cases——“Sun Zhigang incident”,“Xiamen PX incident” and “new health care reform”. Atthe same time, deviation between the policy agenda and the internet environment is easyto cause problems such as passivity, emergency and irrationality in policyagenda-setting. Therefore, in order to promote orderly development of policyagenda-setting, it is necessary to promptly, effectively adjust the relationship among thenetwork, the traditional media, government, non-governmental organizations, the publicand other subjects and build a more democratic, open, transparent and efficient publicdecision-making system. However, it is a gradual process, some deep problems stillremain to be further solved.更多还原