【作者】 夏美武；

【导师】 金太军；

【作者基本信息】 苏州大学 ， 政治学理论， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 “政治体系是一个生态学的概念”（阿尔蒙德语）。那么，政治生态能否形成系统的理论体系？其基本原理与学科地位如何？政治生态理论对当代中国政治建设具有哪些现实指导意义？如何根据政治生态理论，客观总结分析当代中国政治生态建设取得的成就、存在的问题及其成因？怎样构建中国政治生态的建设路径，以及如何对政治生态建设成效（政治作为）开展科学评价？回答这些问题是本文的研究目的。通过对这些问题的回答，初步揭示出政治生态理论不仅具有丰富的理论内涵，而且具有丰富的实践意蕴。本文认为，21世纪是生态世纪。党的十八大与十八届三中全会召开，实质是在建立一种生态型政治改革取向，预示着中国政治生态建设元年的来临。新一届领导集体提出建设富强民主文明和谐的中国特色社会主义，这一战略构想源自于社会主义政治、经济、社会、文化与生态文明建设的内在一致性，其中更加离不开优良政治生态的支撑和保障。政治生态建设是美丽中国建设和政治文明建设的立体坐标轴，是政治发展的必然趋势和结果。尤其是随着风险社会的来临，更是增强了对政治生态化建设的诉求。立足于中国政治现实，借用生态理论和智慧来研究和观察政治现象和政治发展规律，重构政治理念制度、政治民主等政治范式，既是建设责任政治、生态政治，适应风险社会的治理需要，也是对传统政治的反思和对未来政治发展的探索。本文认为，政治生态理论开创了用系统的、整体的、有机的生态学观点研究现代政治的新时代，将系统性、整体性、关联性、协同性等生态法则运用于中国的政治实践。对政治生态理论的正确掌握与运用，离不开对政治生态理论的基本内涵、学科地位和方法论意义的深入分析与考察，离不开对政治生态的系统结构、功能特性及生态要素等基本原理的具体分析。本文通过构建优良政治生态的基本理论框架，试图打开政治生态的内部“黑箱”，探究蕴含其中的“秘籍”，并以此为指导，观照当代中国的政治实践，从而为中国特色社会主义的政治生态建设提供现实坐标和分析样版。本文认为改革开放30多年来，我国政治生态建设取得了举世瞩目的成就，正在从传统政治向现代政治阔步迈进。但是，我国政治发展离政治生态化的要求还有相当的差距，要实现政治生态化发展，必须肃清和应对传统思想文化的痼疾、官僚集权体制的羁绊、社会转型的陷阱、预期评价的缺失，以及既得利益者阻碍等顽疾。对当代中国政治生态建设的路径选择提出设想，是本文研究的一个重点。本文从政治生态理论的基本原理和方法出发，在对中国政治改革实践的历史分析和对人类社会核心价值观扬弃的基础上，提出建设“有为政治”、“合作政治”、“整体政治”、“民主政治”、“生活政治”、“开明政治”等概念，从提高政治体系的适应性、维持性和创制力等方面初步搭建起当代中国政治生态建设的基本架构与设想。对政治作为和政治生产力进行比较评价，是政治分析家往往试图回避而实际上无法回避的问题，应该成为政治学研究的主要内容（阿尔蒙德语）。本文遵循体系——过程——政策——评价这一结构功能分析原理，认为评价概念本身就蕴含着生态的价值，开展政治生态评价的过程，就是一个国家、社会、公民之间不断进行反思总结、沟通协商、互动参与、纠错提高的民主协商、共同治理的过程。对政治生态状况进行评价是推进政治生态建设的重要内容和手段，也是描述政治作为，明确政治生态建设可测度性，减少政治风险，以及建设责任政治的前提和基础。本文通过对政治生态评价的概念与缘起、功能与意义、基本假说与原则等分析，尝试提出政治生态评价的基本模型、方法与主要指标体系等。本文主要运用结构－功能主义体系分析和评价方法，把政治体系看作动态过程，并将之与不断变化着的社会环境之间存在的互动关系结合起来研究，以此来分析和把握影响政治生态建设的各要素。本文将对政治体系的结构、过程、功能及预期评价分析作为贯穿全文的内在微观逻辑次序。同时，围绕对概念范畴的提炼和规则的构建，作为组织篇章结构的外在宏观分析逻辑，即：从对政治生态理论探源起步，到对当代中国政治生态建设的实践分析，再到对策与路径的构想，最后以对实践成效（政治作为）的评价研究收尾，依次遵循着从理论追朔——实践探究——验证评价——理论与实践相结合，初步形成一个完整的研究分析回路。更多还原

【Abstract】 Almond points out “political system is the concept of ecology”. Therefore, there isa series of problem needed to be illustrated: whether political ecology can form intotheoretical system and what the principle and academic status of it? What is the realisticimportant guideline of the political ecology theory to contemporary Chinese politicalconstruction? Based on political ecology theory, how to summarize and analyze on theachievement, problem and causes of contemporary Chinese political ecologyconstruction? How to build the Chinese political ecology construction path and how toconduct scientific evaluation on the effect of Chinese political ecology construction?The above problems are research purpose of the dissertation, through which thedissertation aims to illustrate political ecology theory not only contains abundanttheoretical connotation but also practical implication.The dissertation holds that21st century is the century of ecology, with the openingof The18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and The Third PlenarySession of the eighteenth Communist Party of China, so as the country enters intoecological political reform situation which indicates the arriving of the first year ofChinese political ecology construction. The new collective leadership proposes thatbuild a prosperous and powerful democratic civilized harmonious Chinese socialismand the strategy derived from the internal consistency between socialistic policy,economy, society, culture and ecological civilization construction, which must beguaranteed by excellent political ecology. Political ecology construction is the threedimensional coordinate of the Beautiful China Construction and Political CivilizationConstruction, which is the inevitable trend of political development. With the advent ofrisky society, it is needed to enhance political ecological construction. Based on Chinese political reality and combined ecological theory to research and observe politicalphenomena and the law of political development in order to rebuild political paradigmas political ideas, political system etc, which is the need not only for construction ofresponsible politics, ecological politics and adaptation to the management of riskysociety but also a refection on traditional policy and research on political developmentin future.The dissertation proposes that political ecology theory starts a new era to researchon contemporary politics with systematic, overall and organic ecological theory, and putecological laws as systematicness, integrity, relevance, cooperativity into the practice ofChinese politics. In order to correctly grasp and apply for political ecology theory, it cannot neglect deep research on basic connotation, academic status and methodology ofpolitical ecology theory, and can not neglect the concrete analysis on systematicstructure, function and ecological elements as well. The dissertation aims to constructframework of excellent political ecology and tries to open the internal “black box” tofind the profound secret. Then, compared with contemporary Chinese political practice,the dissertation tries to provide realistic reference and analysis sample for politicalecology construction of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics. The dissertation putsforward that our political ecology construction has made remarkable achievementsduring the past30-year Reform and Opening up Policy and has been facing thetransform from traditional politics to modern politics. Whereas, it is a long way for ourcountry to accomplish political ecology and modernization. Therefore, to accomplishpolitical modernization, our country must clean up and deal with problems of traditionalideology, restraint of bureaucracy system, trap of social transformation, lack of expectedevaluation as well as objection of some interest groups.Research on putting forward the assumption of route choice of contemporaryChinese political ecological construction is one of the key points for the dissertation.Based on methodology of political ecological theory and historical analysis on Chinesepolitical reform and sublate the core values of human society, the dissertation putsforward a series of conception as promising politics, cooperative politics, overallpolitics, domestic politics, life politics, enlightened politics to preliminarily establish the basic framework of contemporary political ecological construction through aspects ofadaptation improvement, maintenance and creativity etc.As Almond points out the comparison between Political contribution and politicalproductivity should be the main content of the study of politics, although actually whichis always avoided by political analysts consciously or unconsciously. Based on thestructure function analysis theory as system-process-policy-evaluation, the dissertationproposes that evaluation conception itself contains the ecological value, and the processto conduct political ecological evaluation is the process of the country, society andcitizen to conduct constant reflection and summarizes, communication and consultation,interaction and error correction to improve democratic consultation and mutualgovernance. To make political ecology evaluation is the important content and strategyto enhance political ecological construction, meanwhile, it is the premise and foundationto illustrate political contribution, guarantee measurability of political ecologicalconstruction, decrease political risk and conduct responsible political construction.Through the analysis on the conception, originality, function and meanings, hypothesisand principle of political ecological evaluation, the dissertation aims to put forwardbasic model, method and index system etc of the political ecological evaluation.Based on the methodology of structure-functional systematic analysis andevaluation, the dissertation proposes that political system as a dynamic process, andcombines it with constant changing social environment to conduct research on itsinteractive relationship so that to analyze and grasp the elements that affected politicalecological construction. The dissertation takes analysis on structure, process, functionand expected evaluation of political system as inner micro logical sequence. At the sametime, the dissertation takes the refining of conceptual category and construction of ruleas the external macro analysis logic for chapter structure. That is to say it starts withliterature review of political ecological theory, and then turns to the practice analysis oncontemporary Chinese political ecological construction, and to discuss the hypothesis ofcountermeasure and path and it ends with the evaluation of political efficiency. All thestructure follows the way of literature review-practice analysis-validationevaluation-combination of theory and practice, which makes the dissertation to be a completed research circuit.更多还原