【作者】 余洋；

【导师】 李超；

【作者基本信息】 兰州理工大学 ， 流体机械及工程， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 涡旋压缩机作为一种新型、节能、高效、低噪、省材的容积式流体机械,与其它类型压缩机相比较具有不可替代的优越性,已广泛应用于空调制冷、动力工程等领域。目前逐渐向大气量、大功率的方向发展,应用领域也随之扩大。随着石油化工的发展,压力能的应用日趋广泛,使得涡旋压缩机在国民经济的各个部门成为必不可少的关键设备之一。随着计算机技术的发展和加工制造技术的提高,涡旋压缩机的应用领域得到更为广阔的发展。由于涡旋压缩机特殊的工作原理及结构特点,其潜在的优势并没有完全被挖掘出来。因此,研制与开发高性能的涡旋压缩机具有重大的现实意义。本文依托国家自然科学基金项目“无油润滑涡旋式压缩机的摩擦学与动力学耦合问题研究”和“变容量涡旋压缩机润滑摩擦特性与转子动力学行为研究”,以涡旋压缩机为研究对象,基于圆渐开线理论,建立了涡旋压缩机压缩腔几何模型,泄漏模型、传热模型、动力学模型；借助三维实体建模软件,得到了涡旋压缩机虚拟样机模型；通过转子系统模态、曲轴转子壳体耦合动力学、转子系平衡特性及考虑运动副间隙的机构动力学特性分析,为涡旋压缩机的可靠性设计及高性能研制提供了理论基础。首先完成涡旋压缩机的虚拟建模和运动仿真,包括建立其部件的三维实体模型、对其零部件进行虚拟装配、样机和部件的运动仿真。建立其零部件三维实体模型,根据涡旋压缩机物理样机的结构特点,描述主要零部件之间相互的位置关系和运动关系,从而确定各零部件在虚拟环境中的相对空间位置,进行虚拟样机的装配工作。校核涡旋压缩机设计是否合理、可靠、主要零部件的动作是否协调和运动过程是否存在干涉。在涡旋压缩机虚拟建模的基础上,研究涡旋压缩机转子系统动力特性,根据模态分析理论和转子单元运动方程,分析了主轴系各节点的位移和倾角；基于转子动力学理论,得出了主轴轴承的动力特性系数,建立了主轴轴承为刚性支承系统和弹簧—阻尼系统两种分析模型。应用有限元软件对涡旋压缩机两种分析模型的主轴转子系统进行预应力条件下的模态分析,分别获得了两种支承系统条件下的振型,并分析了弹簧—阻尼系统中轴承刚度对其转子动力特性的影响。利用有限元方法和多体动力学理论,对涡旋压缩机转子和壳体进行有限元模态分析,获得了涡旋压缩机转子和壳体的固有频率和振型等模态特性参数。在涡旋压缩机主轴系拓扑模型的基础上,分别建立了主轴系的多刚体模型和多柔体模型。通过对曲轴系多体动力学仿真分析,得到了气体力载荷和在柔性体条件下壳体承受主副轴承载荷等,分析了壳体在载荷作用下的动力学响应问题。根据曲柄销所受的切向力大小约为径向力四倍,通过采取平衡曲柄销所受切向力大小平均值及极小值的方法,分别分析了曲柄销切向力不平衡残余量以及曲柄销切向力最小值部分对主轴轴承的影响；对涡旋压缩机轴系和壳体进行受力分析,建立轴系和壳体的力和力矩平衡方程,将壳体的受力和主轴轴承载荷作为设计变量,来分析壳体在受力最佳的情况下,平衡重的安装角度对主轴轴承载荷的影响。在涡旋压缩机工作过程中,如果计入尺寸误差、运动副间隙和磨损间隙的存在,那么,涡旋压缩机不能完全满足平行四连杆的条件。因此,以涡旋压缩机虚拟样机为对象,建立考虑运动副间隙的转子系统多体动力学模型,并将含间隙运动副的间隙矢量模型、间隙接触碰撞力模型和摩擦力模型嵌入ADAMS软件进行多体动力学仿真。仿真结果可以准确地预测运动副间隙对涡旋压缩机动态特性的影响,为涡旋压缩机设计提供了参考和依据。通过样机动平衡试验和性能试验,验证了涡旋压缩机的优良性能及可靠性,动平衡试验必要性,为高性能涡旋压缩机的研制与开发奠定了坚实的基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 As a new high efficiency, low noise, positive displacement compressor, the scroll compressor has an irreplaceable advantage compared with other types of compressors and are widely used in refrigeration, air conditioning, power engineering and other fields. The area of application also been expanded by the development in the direction of the volume of the atmosphere and high power currently. With the development of science and technology, especially the development of petrochemical industry in recent years, scroll compressors in various sectors of the national economy become one of key equipments as the pressure is applied more broadly. With the improvement of computer development and manufacturing, more broad application area of scroll compressor development. Because of the structural characteristics of scroll compressor, its potential advantages have not been fully excavated. Therefore, investigation of scroll compressor with high quality is of great importance in practice. Funded by NSCF funding of "Study of coupling friction and dynamics in oil-free twin-wrap compressor" and "Investigation of friction and rotor dynamics performance in variable volume scroll compressor", the present work is aimed at developing geometrical model, leakage model and heat transfer and dynamic model based on the circle involute theory. Scroll compressor virtual prototype model has been obtained by using the three dimensional entity built die software. By analyzing the subsystem die state, crankshaft shell coupling dynamics of rotor, rotor balance characteristics and dynamic characteristics analysis considering kinematic pair clearance mechanism, a theoretical basis has been developed for reliability design and high performance of scroll compressor.First, the motion simulation for virtual prototype of scroll compressor was finished, including its solid models of parts, parts of the virtual Assembly and motion simulation of the machine and parts. By Building the solid models of parts, the positional relationship between the various parts have been described with considering the structural characteristics of scroll compressor under the physical prototype, then the relative spatial locations of the parts in a virtual environment has been determined, and virtual prototyping can be assembled. Check for the reasonable, reliable, relevant parts of movement coordination and whether there is interference in the campaign process of the scroll compressor design.Based on the scroll compressor virtual modeling, the dynamic characteristics of the scroll compressor rotor system were studied, the displacement and tilt of each node spindle system were analyzed according to the equations of motion units and rotor modal analysis theory; the dynamic coefficients of spindle bearings were obtained based on the rotor kinetic theory, and spindle bearings at two analytical models, a rigid support system and spring- damping system,were been established. The two scroll compressor rotor shaft models were analyzed under two conditions support system by using the finite element software, and obtained two vibration modes, the bearing stiffness impacted on its rotor dynamic characteristics also were analyzed at the spring-damper system.Using the finite element method and multi-body dynamics theory, the scroll compressor rotor and the shell modal were analyzed to obtain the natural frequency of the scroll compressor rotor and the frame and modes such as modal parameters. Based on multi-body models, the scroll compressor shaft topology configuration and flexible multi-body model of the spindle system were established. By analyzing the crankshaft system multi-body dynamics, the gas load and bearing loads under flexible body were obtained, and the dynamics of the frame in response to the problem under load were also analyzed.According to cut suffered crank pin radial force is about four times the size of the force,suffered through a balanced crank pin size of the average tangential force method to analyze the impact of the crank pin tangential force imbalance residual amount of spindle bearings; By analyzing the scroll compressor shaft and the shell, the force shaft housing and the torque balance equation were established, as design variables, the stress and load bearing spindle housing were used to analyze the impact of the counterweight mounting angle of the spindle bearing loads in the case that force under optimal conditions, to arrive at a balance of high quality and the phase angle and other parameters.Considering dimensional errors, clearance between turning pairs and wear gap exists, the scroll compressor cannot fully meet the ideal conditions for parallel four-bar, based on the virtual prototyping of scroll compressors, the rotor system of multi-body dynamics model and vector model of pairs with clearances with considering kinematic pair clearance were built, and the clearance model of contact-impact force and friction force model were embedded in ADAMS to carry out dynamics simulation. Simulation results can accurately predict the clearance between turning pairs on dynamic characteristics of scroll compressor, which provide reference and basis for the design of scroll compressors.By dynamic balance test and prototype performance test, verify the good performance and reliability of scroll compressor, the feasibility and necessity of dynamic balance test for high performance of scroll compressor of the research and development has laid a solid foundation.更多还原