【作者】 陈毓飞；

【导师】 乐黛云；

【作者基本信息】 北京外国语大学 ， 比较文学与跨文化研究， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 本文认为作为当时社会生活与思潮变化发展的一个内在的组成部分,《金瓶梅词话》以长篇小说的叙述方式,对时代中正在发生的各个方面的巨变,作出了罕见的“深描”。本文努力的方向,是尝试将这部小说文本中的身体呈现与晚明《五车拔锦》、《三台万用正宗》等民间日用类书及其背后更为广阔的晚明商业出版业之间建立联系。此类书籍的诸多门类中蕴含了丰富的关于身体的知识,与“百科全书式”的小说《金瓶梅词话》存在深层关联：首先,二者因分享了共同的传统知识母体而存在共生与同构关系；其次,在晚明民间日用类书中以知识的面目出现的身体信息在小说中以叙事形式出现,并发挥不同的叙事作用,参与小说的身体建构；再次,小说家以叙事的方式提出了身体、欲望、人的身份与局限的问题,并拓展了中国古代长篇小说艺术表现的领域。在研究方法上,首先,因本文需从身体维度入手,一方面解读小说情节,另一方面发掘晚明民间日用类书中的身体材料,因此身体理论将成为本文最重要的理论资源。西方哲学、历史学、人类学、社会学学者从不同学科角度围绕身体进行的思考都成为必不可少的“他者”,经由它们,为从身体角度对作为中国传统小说文本的《金瓶梅词话》进行解读、在晚明民间日用类书中重新发现原本习以为常的资源,打开了思路。二是注意自觉运用身体视角进行文本细读的方法。三是尝试跨学科的研究路径。绪论介绍金学研究现状与问题,提出《金瓶梅词话》中“身体”问题的重要性,明确本论文的研究对象、研究方法,梳理论题背后的理论与材料支持。主体共三章。第一章《晚明商业出版与<金瓶梅词话)》为总起。第一节尝试分析这部小说的题材转向发生的原因,即这种转向可视为小说叙事对私人生活领域—身体的入侵,就文学与明代中晚期社会发展状态而论,小说表现领域的转变与小说由口头流传、世代累积而成转到书面表达、作家个人创作有关,背后是小说创作与接受都由公共转为私人隐秘领域这一变化的影响,而这一变化得以形成的过程中发达的印刷出版业的因素不可忽视。第二节尝试借用福柯的“知识型”概念来解释属于晚明中下层百姓知识来源的通俗日用类书和被称为“众书之书”的《金瓶梅词话》的关系,指出这部小说与晚明民间日用类书分享共同的、晚明中西交流发生之前的传统知识系统,对于身体的叙事表现与利用与当时关于身体的知识有着不可分割的关联,同时背后还隐藏着知识的快速增长与人的欲望的增长之间的互动关系。第二章《身体经济、作为知识的性与家庭危机》分三节。第一节《(金瓶梅词话>中的身体交换与金钱逻辑》通过探讨晚明日用类书中风月场知识体现的金钱逻辑如何在小说中得到体现,既塑形了小说中关于妓院关系的描写,更将这一特定空间的身体交换与金钱逻辑渗透入了家庭关系,揭开金钱力量对原有社会等级和家庭生活的冲击。第二节《从晚明生育知识看(金瓶梅词话)的求子之战》借助晚明日用类书和其他医学材料中的生育知识来理解和解释小说中围绕生育问题展开的情节和叙事设计,认为小说中提出了对求子手段正当性的质疑。第三节《小说中身体与药之隐喻关系》围绕小说中西门庆获得胡僧赠药的情节展开,指出“药”这一元素在小说中对于叙事具有结构性的作用,并且体现了小说中国家、人物以病体形象出现的隐喻。第三章《(金瓶梅词话)中的疾病叙事》考察小说中人物的疾病死亡问题与晚明医书和民间日用类书中的正规医学和民间医疗知识的关系,以及小说在描摹身体这一维度时进行的叙事开拓。第一节《李瓶儿的病症及其医学阐释》是将小说中对李瓶儿所得怪病的阐释放在明代医学材料背景下进行分析,发现其中包含两种不相容的医学理念和阐释话语,而这在作者笔下发挥了特定叙事作用。第二节《病体的文学呈现及其医学合理化》认为李瓶儿与西门庆由病入死的过程中不仅包含了充足的明代医学知识,而且可能借用了明代医学案例的叙事模式,并运用人类学观念来看待二人流失型的死亡。第三节《惊风症与官哥之死的人为性》分析官哥因惊风症夭折这一事件中致病与诊疗中的人为性,鬼魅叙事与晚明日用类书中法病门的同构关系,《金瓶梅词话》描写婴儿死亡对于小说叙述的开拓。第四节《小说的疾病死亡设计和叙事学意义》考察小说家设定人物结局的方式,与之前的三大奇书相比,《金瓶梅词话》的特点一是制造死亡日常氛围,二是拥有理性叙事和鬼魅叙事或神秘性叙事两个层面,三是既遵循正统道德的要求对某些人物设计惩罚性结局,又试图开辟摆脱正统思想控制的可能途径。本文认为《金瓶梅词话》中身体语言的爆炸是当时社会生活变化的表现,小说对身体的表现使小说叙事的边界发生了改变。更多还原

【Abstract】 This study aims to illustrate that as an intrinsic part of the social and mental changes, Jin Ping Mei cihua(金瓶梅词话) creates a rare "thick description" of the vicissitudes of its time. This dissertation tries to relate body exposures in this text to daily encyclopedias in Late Ming such as Wu che ba jin (五车拔锦) and Santai wanyong zhengzong (三台万用正宗), as well as to the publishing industry in this period, in order to illuminate the episteme relationship of them. Daily encyclopedias in Late Ming, which provide much information about the human body, have a deep connection with this encyclopedical novel Jin Ping Mei cihua. Firstly, the two are isomorphic since they share the same tradition of knowledge. Secondly, the knowledge about the human body in daily encyclopedias plays an important role in this narrative. Thirdly, the novelist tries to address the issues of body, desire, identity and limitations by narrating, opening up new ways of writing saga novels in ancient China at the same time.This dissertation employs multiple methods to analyze the novel Jin Ping Mei, among which body theories are the most important theoretical resources. We need to draw from these theories both to explain the plots of the novel better and to dig out information about the human body in daily encyclopedias in Late Ming. All reflections on the human body from different disciplines, such as philosophy, history, anthropology and sociology, are essential to our survey. Only through these perspectives from the "other" could we find new ways to interpret this traditional text Jin Ping Mei cihua, and take notice of the valuable information in daily encyclopedias which we used to ignor. In the second place, this dissertation peruses the text paying special attention to information about the human body. And in the last place, we have tried to employ cross-disciplinary research methods.The introduction part outlines the research which has been done to Jin Ping Mei cihua, emphasizing the importance of the issue of body, making clear the research subject, methodology, theoretical resources and reference materials.The main part has been seperated into three chapters. The first one is "Publishing industry in Late Ming and Jin Ping Mei cihua". Focusing on body narratives, this chapter reexamines the position of Jin Ping Mei cihua in the history of zhanghui novels in Ming and Qing; and how is it related to the issue of its turn of themes. In the background of the prosperous publishing industry in Late Ming, the privatization of vision and reading is closely related to the turn of the themes made by Jin Ping Mei cihua, and the latter has a profound episteme relationship with daily encyclopedias in Late Ming. The first section tries to explain why the themes of this novel has changed. And a tentative answer is that this turn can be seen as an intrusion of the narrative novel to people’s private life and body.The second chapter entitled "Body economics, sex as knowledge and family crisis" includes three sections. The first section "Body exchange and money logic in Jin Ping Mei cihua" focuses mainly on money logic reflected by knowledge about brothels in daily encyclopedias in Late Ming and its influence on life both in brothels and one’s household. The second section is about "Endeavors to conceive an heir in Jin Ping Mei cihua from the perspective of fertility knowledge in Late Ming". And the third section deals with the "Metaphorical relationship between body and medicine in Jin Ping Mei cihua".The third chapter "Narratives of diseases in Jin Ping Mei" investigates how people get sick and die in this novel. The focus is on the relationship between the knowledge in medical books, daily encyclopedias and its transformation in the novel. The first section "The symptom of Li Pinger’ disease and its medical interpretation" explores two sorts of contradicting medical ideas and interpreting discourses. The second section "Literary expression of disease and its justification in medicine" indicates that the deaths of Li Pinger and Xi Menqing can be totally explained in accurate medical terms. The third "Infantile convulsion and the human interference with the death of Guange" deals with the issue of superstitions in Late Ming and the actual cause of the baby’s death. The fourth section "Plots of disease and death and their significance in narratives" explores how people end their lives in this novel. Compared to three other master works before Jin Ping Mei cihua, people’s life are ended in more reasonable way in this latter one. It has created an appropriate ambience, furnishes with both reasonable narratives and ghostic narratives, and incorporates moral didactics while defiant from moralistic bias subtly.This dissertation has shown that the language explosion of body in Jin Ping Mei cihua is part of the changes happening in its society. The description of body in this novel has explored the frontier of narrative for Chinese novels.更多还原