【作者】 马粉英；

【导师】 汪剑钊；

【作者基本信息】 北京外国语大学 ， 比较文学与跨文化研究， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 托妮·莫里森(1931—),杰出的美国当代作家,也是最有影响的非裔美国作家之一。她的小说关注非裔美国黑人以及他们的生活,表达了她对黑人种族生存的冷静而又深刻的思考,她将自己的思考融入精心刻画的人物和精湛的叙事技巧,以高度的艺术性来呈现深沉的种族关怀和人类情怀。论文以莫里森的五部小说为分析文本,从身体的维度来分析她对黑人以及黑人种族生存困境的思考。在莫里森笔下,人物的身体犹如一块画布,她在身体上绘制了标记和代码,在解密的过程中,身体展开自己的言说,于是身体铭刻的人物的经历得以铺陈、身体喻指的厚重内涵得以呈现。身体,在莫里森的创作中是一种非语言的语言,是一种意义无限延伸的叙事。本论文共七个部分,包括绪论、1-5章正文和结语。绪论部分包括作家简介和研究缘起,莫里森国内外研究现状,身体与身体叙事理论梳理,论文研究思路和内容介绍。论文第一章以《最蓝的眼睛》为研究文本,首先揭示了白人至上文化霸权下白皮肤美、黑皮肤丑的身体美学的文化建构实质,然后结合具体文本,通过对追求白人的蓝眼睛终致发疯的黑人小女孩佩科拉以及她的父母亲对自我身体鄙视的分析,反思了白人美的身体美学意识对黑人所带来的精神戮害,以及黑人在白人主流文化中自我身份的迷失。最后,着重于对小女孩克劳迪娅对白人布娃娃拆解行为的后殖民分析,揭示了作者对白人美的身体神话的颠覆与解构。第二章主要分析《秀拉》这一文本。论文从秀拉这一女性形象的塑造对传统黑人女性刻板形象的颠覆和改写的分析入手,认为莫里森积极利用了传统文学中对黑人女性身体“性欲化”这一扭曲,将其转化为秀拉的身体漫游和试验,以此完成了秀拉的自我追寻和自我建构。然后在对秀拉身体胎记的多重喻指意义的分析中,完成了秀拉多重身份的建构,实现了黑人女性探索的超越。第三章解读《所罗门之歌》所彰显的莫里森对非裔美国黑人种族回归和认同的思考。第一节聚焦于模仿白人中产积极生活的露丝母女的解读,在对红丝绒玫瑰意象和露丝母女命运的喻指意义的分析中,来呈现黑人中产阶级女性身体的规训和言说方式。第二节分析了独具魅力的黑人女性派拉特,通过对其独特的无肚脐身体的喻指意义的阐释和身体语言的解读,分析在其背后作者对黑人种族文化的认同。第三节是对黑人男性奶娃的身体喻指的解码,以此展现了莫里森对非裔美国黑人实现种族回归的积极态度。第四章以《宠儿》为分析文本,第一节再现了黑奴被侮辱与被损害的身体,为黑奴个体立言,开启黑人过往的历史,表达了对奴隶制的控诉。第二节分析莫里森利用身体政治意识重构黑人的主体性,借助他们自己的声音和身体叙事重塑自我,重构历史。第三节通过对宠儿肉体还魂多重喻指意义的分析,不仅召唤出了小说中人物的历史记忆,也唤起读者对黑人历史的反思。第五章以莫里森的第八部小说《爱》为分析文本,莫里森将笔触聚焦于黑人种族内部,为我们展现了其内部存在的性别压迫所造成的女性生存困境。借助伊利格瑞的身体理论分析了男权社会中女性身体商品化的命运,以及由于父权的介入,女性之间爱的谱系的被遮蔽和割裂。第二节解读了当代黑人女性朱妮尔的欲望身体,揭示了欲望主体背后的匮乏和缺失。第三节,通过对小说中女性爱的谱系的构建和走出单纯欲望主宰的爱与尊重的两性关系的建立,呈现了黑人走向完整生存的可能性。从《最蓝的眼睛》到《秀拉》、《所罗门之歌》、《宠儿》、再到《爱》,莫里森从对黑人丑白人美的身体美学的颠覆解构,到决绝的身体实验和漫游完成黑人女性主体性的建构,到回归种族、认同种族的身体喻指,到追溯历史、重构历史,走出历史的阴影,再到对当代黑人完整生存的思考,莫里森以身体的维度诠释了她对黑人以及黑人种族的生存困境的思考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Toni Morrison, born in1931, is considered and acknowledged as one of the most outstanding and influential contemporary African American writers. Most of her novels are highly concerned with the African Americans’ordinary life and their destiny, in which she expresses her calm and deep thought on the existence of the whole black race. She represents her profound thought with the characters depicted carefully as well as the narrative skills exquisitely performed in her novels, presenting her race care and humanistic concern in a highly artistic quality.This dissertation analyzes five novels of Morrison, excavating and exploring her thought of and reflection on the blacks and even the whole black race’s plight of existence from the perspective of the "Body Dimension". In Morrison’s fiction, the body of the characters is like a piece of canvas, on which she draws and engraves variety of complicated marks and codes. In the process of decoding, the body unfolds its own speech to such an extent that the experiences of the characters imprinted in the body are elaborated as well as the connation signified by the body emerged. We put forth that the body is represented as a non-linguistic language as well as a meaning-"difference" narrative in Morrison’s works.There are seven parts in this dissertation, including the introduction, chapter1-5and the conclusion.In the introduction part, we present the short introduction of Toni Morrison and the origin of this research, delineate the overseas and domestic study of Toni Morrison, and outline the narrative theories of body as well as the research approach and the main contents of this dissertation.Chapter one focuses on the study of The Bluest Eye. Firstly, through the analysis of this novel, we try to reveal that the body aesthetics of ugly black skin and beautiful white skin is essentially a cultural hegemony-based construction and prejudice. And then, by analysis of the tragic of the black girl Pecola who is finally mad because of her infatuation for the blue eyes of the whites and the story of her parents who disdain their black body, we reflect how the body aesthetics of beautiful whites bring the spiritual harm to the whole blacks as well as the identity lost of the blacks in the dominate white popular culture. Finally we analyze the activity of the little black girl Claudia who tears and destroys the white cloth dolls from the angle post-colonization theory to proclaim the author’s destruction and subversion of the body mythology considering the whites as the only beautiful. Chapter two focuses on the analysis of Sida. In this novel, through the depiction of Sula, we present that Morrison overturns and rewrites the rigid traditional imagination of black females. The author makes active use of the universal distortion of black females’ body’sexualization’in the traditional literature, and through Sula’s body adventure and experiment, Morrison shows that it is Sula’self-seeking and self-construction. We also present that Morrison’s description and analysis of Sula’s body birthmarks is to construct her identity and fulfill the black females’identity exploration. Chapter three analyzes Morrison’s reflection on the race return and race identity of African Americans through the reading of Song of Solomon. The first section will concentrate on the interpretation of Ruth and her daughters who imitate the lives of writes middle class, presenting the discipline of black females’ body and their mode of speech by analysis the signification of red velvet roses and the fate of Ruth and her daughters. The second section analyses the figure of Pilate, an attractive black female, putting forth the author’s identity with the black race hidden the depiction and interpretation of Pilate’s body without navel and her body language. The third section represents Morrison’s active attitude towards the African Americans’ race return through the decoding of black male Milkman’s body signification.Chapter four focuses on the analysis of Beloved. Section one reappears the insulted and damaged body of black slaves and their tragic history, speaks for the black slave individuals, and expresses the accusation of slavery. Section two analyzes Morrison’s construction of blacks’ subjectivity by using of the body politics consciousness. Morrison shows us that the blacks reconfigure themselves and their history by their only voices and body narratives. Section three analyses the significations of the Beloved’s The physical resurrection, summoning the historical memory of the characters in the novel as well as the readers’ reflection of the black history.Chapter five analyzes Morrison’s eighth novel love. In this novel, Morrison puts emphasis on the inner world of the black races, presenting us with the sexual oppression in the black races world and its influence on the plight of the female existence. We try to use Luce Irigaray’s body theory to analyze the phenomenon of commercialization of the black female’s body in the male-overwhelming world and present that how the genealogy of love between women has been coved and cut. Section two interprets the contemporary black female Junior’s desire body and reveals the lack behind the desire subject. Section three presents and puts forth the possibility of the integrity and the wholeness of the black existence by constructing the genealogy of love between females and exit the rigid eros and respect relationship between males and females dominated by the desire.From the The Bluest Eye, Sula, Song of Solomon, Beloved to love, we can see that Morrison firstly overturns and deconstructs the body aesthetics of ugly blacks and beautiful whites, constructs the subjectivity of black females by depicting their body adventure and experiment, signifies the body as a return to and identity with the black race, and then retraces and reconfigures the black history in order to exit the shadow of history, and finally reflects the wholeness of survival of the blacks. All of these can be seen as Morrison’s interpretation of her thought on the plight of the whole black race’s existence.更多还原