【作者】 韩雪松；

【导师】 何华武； 彭其渊；

【作者基本信息】 西南交通大学 ， 交通运输规划与管理， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 重载运输装车端作为重载线路货源的主要产生地,其运输组织方法对于保证重载运输的顺利进行,提高重载线路运输能力有着重要影响。现状运输组织方式,随意性较大,一定程度上制约了重载线路运输能力的提高。本文以重载线路装车端战略装车域为研究范围,优化其运输组织方案及组合站组合方案,以求获得符合我国重载运输特征的战略装车域组织作业方法,使得重载运输作业方案更加高效、准确,主要研究内容包括以下几个方面：(1)回顾了国内外重载运输发展历程,归纳了关于重载运输及战略装车区的研究进展；将装车区域范围内的装车站点按照其货源供给状况及运输组织方式划分为重载线路战略装车点、战略装车区及战略装车域三个层次,并对重载运输组织的软硬件基础进行阐述。(2)对重载运输专线作业过程进行分析,归纳出我国重载运输集疏运系统车流组织特征。提出单组合站条件下重载运输战略装车域车流总体组合方案优化问题(RCSH),并建立双目标线性规划模型；根据案例的实际背景设计启发式规则简化模型,并通过构建隶属度函数的方法获得多目标规划的模糊最优解。结果显示：通过模型优化后战略装车域范围内车流可在减少时间消耗的同时,增大系统运输能力。(3)阐述重载运输组合站组合特征,分析影响组合站组合作业的主要因素,定义重载运输组合站组合方案优化问题(SCCHP).在此基础上建立“静态条件下”重载运输组合站组合方案规划模型。对模型求解的难点进行分析,并通过随机算例验证分析结论,尝试m-GA、p-GA等不同算法进行求解,最后设计MMAS算法对问题进行求解。实验证实：MMAS算法在求解SCCHP问题时具有较好的时效性,其平均最优隔小于5%。(4)提出重载运输组合站组合作业的“动态有利性假设”,并定义基于动态调整的重载运输组合站组合方案优化问题(DCCHP),并以战略装车域范围内时间消耗尽可能小及发车满意度最大为目标,建立双目标非线性规划模型。最后通过实例验证了假设的正确性,并获得“动态条件下组合站组合方案的优化效果并不十分明显”的结论；其次通过阐述典型组合站到发线布置形式及组合作业过程,归纳出组合站重车到发线运用特征,定义了基于到发线运用的重载运输组合站组合方案优化问题(SCCTP),并对模型性质进行分析,得出不同组合方案的有利性定理。推论结果显示：以加速单元重载列车出站为目标,去向相同的组合列车、去向不同的组合列车、单元2万吨列车、单元1万吨列车,其优越性依次降低。(5)在综合前述章节的研究内容的基础上,建立重载运输战略装车域车流组合方案综合优化问题(CCCH)的双层规划模型,提出上下层规划问的调整规则,并根据下层规划模型特征及前述分析的模型性质,提出“表格法”进行编程求解。最后通过实例验证了模型及算法的可行性。上述研究不仅对于重载运输战略装车域车流组织优化具有实际指导意义,同时对于丰富重载运输理论体系具有积极的作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 The loading area is often regarded as original cargo source area, its transport organization method is very important for ensuring heavy line to run smoothly. And now, the status quo of heavy haul transporation organization is not accurated enough, which restricted the transport capacity. Therefore, this thesis regards the stragetic loading domain as the research scope, optimizes its transport organization scheme and combination scheme of combination station, in order to acquire reasonable organization methods for Chinese heavy haul lines. The main research contents are as followed:(1) This paper reviews the development of heavy haul transportation in the world, summarizes the research progress of heavy haul transportation and stratic loading area. Then, dividesthe loading points within the loading domain into three levels, stratic loading points, stratic loading areas and stratic loading domain in accordance with its sources of supply conditions and transport organization methods,at last elaborates the softwares and hardwares of heavy haul transport organization.(2) This paper analyzes the operating process of heavy haul transportation, proposes the characteristics of the collection and distribution system. Based on above, the overall combination scheme optimization problem of stratic loading domain for heavy haul transportation is proposed under the conditon of single combined station, and a bi-objective linear programming model is established.Heuristic rules based on the actual background of the case are also proposed to simplify the model, and membership function method is adopted to solve the model and acquire multi-objective planning fuzzy optimal solution.The results show that:after the optimization, the time consumption of car flow within the scope of the strategic loading domain decreases while transport capacity enhances at the same time.(3) The paper elaborates the combination characteristics of combination station and analyzes the main factors affecting the combined operations of the combined station, then defines combination scheme optimization problem of combination station for heavy haul transportation (SCCHP). And based on these, the single objective nonlinear mathematical programming model is establised under the static condition. For the above model, the difficulty of analysis is being carried out at first, random examples are generated to verify the above analysis, then different algorithms like m-GA, p-GA are designed for attempting to slpve the model. Finally, MMAS algorithm is designed to solve the problem successfully.The experiments confirmed that:the MMAS algorithm in solving SCCHP has better performance on time consumption, and the average optimal separation is less than5%. (4) Firstly, The paper proposes dynamic favorable assumptions for combination station of heavy haul transportation and defines combination scheme optimization for combination station of heavy haul transportation under dynamic condition (DCCHP).A bi-objective nonlinear programming mode is established which takes the time consuming as small as possible within the scope of stratic loading domain and and departure satisfaction degrees maximum as the goal, and finally a case is proposed to verify the correctness of the assumptions. However, the optimization effect is not very obvious under dynamic conditions. Secondly, the paper elaborates the classicalstation styles and working progresses of combinations stations, and based on this utilization characteristics of heavy tracks are acquired and combination scheme optimization problem for combination station of heavy haul transportation based on track utilization(SCCTP) is defined, and the model natures are analyzed, gets some favorable theorems of different combination schemes. The corollary shows that:if taking heavy haul train speeding up to departure as objective, those trains, trains with same directions, trains with different directions, unit trains with the weight of20thousand tons and unit trains with the weight of10thousand tons. Their superiorities are in order of decreasing.(5) Based on the foregoing research results, a bi-level programming model is established for carflow comprehensive optimization of heavy haul transportation within stratic loading domain, and adjustment rules between the upper and lower are proposed, then, according to the characteristics of lower level programming model and the aforementioned analysis modelnatures, the paper puts forward the form method to solve the problem. Finally, an example is proposed to verfy the feasibility of the model and algorithm.The research is not only a practical guide for car flow organization optimization of strategy loading domain of heavy haul transportation, but also has a positive effect for rich theoretical system of heavy hual transportation.更多还原