【作者】 李海涛；

【导师】 王豫；

【作者基本信息】 西南交通大学 ， 电工理论与新技术， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 脉冲功率技术是一门以现代科学研究和国防军事研究为基础发展起来的多学科交叉融合的新兴技术学科。目前影响其大规模实际应用的主要因素是脉冲功率电源的体积和工作频率,因此脉冲功率技术研究的核心问题是能量的高密度存储技术和高功率的快速释放技术。超导脉冲功率技术是超导技术和脉冲功率技术相结合而产生的一门新技术。其中,利用超导电感储能不仅可以实现能量的高密度存储和高功率的快速释放,而且还具有储能时间长,无损耗,体积小,重量轻,对输入级功率要求低等优势,这对脉冲功率电源在轻量化、小型化和实用化等未来发展要求的实现方面都具有重要的研究意义。不过作为电感器件,它同样具有传统电感器件在储能放电中存在高电压的缺陷。本论文以电磁推进应用的脉冲电源为设计目标,结合目前出现的利用超导储能的脉冲电源模式,提出了利用单谐振电路放电的模式,研制了接近实用要求的高温超导储能脉冲变压器,进行了脉冲放电实验,在此基础上进行了多模块集成化脉冲电源系统设计,并对其驱动电磁推进的可行性进行了仿真分析。论文首先理论分析和实验研究了现有超导电感储能和放电的模式,发现了理想放电情况下电阻性转换电路的能量损耗与电路电感的关系,以及电流的转换时间与超导电感端压限制的关系。利用脉冲变压器提升电流的模式可以有效的获得高电流脉冲峰值,减少并联模块数量,但这种模式存在能量传输效率低的问题。然后,论文对传统的基于低温超导储能脉冲变压器的脉冲电源模式进行了分析,引入并探讨了利用电容转换meat-grinder电路模式的可行性,在上述分析的基础上,提出了单谐振电路的放电模式。通过仿真分析和比较得出,单谐振电路的放电模式除了具有储能回路可全部超导化的同时,既保持了较高的能量传输效率,又限制了断路开关的电压,为电磁推进用脉冲电源的小型化提供了新的技术途径。为了验证单谐振电路放电模式的可行性,研制了接近实用的小型高温超导储能脉冲变压器,在液氮浸泡条件下进行了电气特性测试和脉冲放电实验,得到了峰值超过4kA的电流脉冲,有力地证明了单谐振电路放电模式和高温超导储能脉冲变压器的结构设计是可行的。最后,以研制的实验用高温超导储能脉冲变压器为单元模型,进行了多模块集成化脉冲电源系统设计。利用电磁场有限元方法分析和比较了多模块的轴线平行结构排列方法和环形结构排列方法,发现环形结构的排列方法更有利于多模块超导储能脉冲变压器的脉冲电源系统,而且随着模块数增加,其仿真的静态电磁性能还将随着提升。结合单谐振电路和Marx发生器的电路结构设计了八模块集成化的脉冲电源电路,对电流脉冲成形的过程进行了瞬态仿真,结果表明,八模块的脉冲电源系统可以实现峰值超过140kA的电流脉冲,基本可以满足电磁推进基础实验研究的要求。另外,论文对多模块脉冲电源电路驱动电磁推进建立了数学模型,仿真分析了其驱动电磁推进的性能,并就影响能量转换效率的部分因素进行了分析。更多还原

【Abstract】 Pulsed power technology is a multidisciplinary emerging technology discipline developed on the basis of modern scientific research and defense research. The main factors affecting its practical application is the volume and output power of the pulsed power supply, so the core issue of pulsed power technology research is the high density of energy storage technology and the high-power quick-release technology. Superconducting pulsed power technology is a new technology combining with superconducting technology and pulsed power technology. The use of superconducting inductive energy storage can achieve not only the high-density energy storage and high-power quick release, but also the advantages such as a long storage time, no loss, small size, light weight and low requirement about the input power. So it has an important significance about the future development of pulsed power technology such as lightweight, small and other practical requirements. However, as the inductance device, it also has the same flaws within the traditional inductive device in discharging phase. This paper was aiming at the pulse power design in the electromagnetic propulsion application, combining with the superconducting magnetic energy storage pulsed power mode, putting forward a single resonant circuit discharge mode, manufactured a high temperature superconducting pulsed transformer which is close to the practical requirements and did some experiments about pulse shaping. On this basis, the design of the multi-module integrated pulse power system and the simulation analysis about its feasibility of drive electromagnetic propulsion have been made.Firstly, this paper made the theoretical analysis and experimental study of the use of existing superconducting inductive energy storage and discharge mode, found the relationship between the energy loss of the resistive conversion circuit and the circuit inductance in an ideal case, and the relationship between conversion time and the limitation of superconducting inductor voltage. By using the enhanced current model of pulse transformers it can effectively obtain high-current pulse amplitude, reduce the number of parallel modules, but this model has the problem of low efficiency of energy transfer. Then, the paper analyzed on the pulse power mode of traditional low-temperature superconducting magnetic energy storage pulse transformer, introduced and explored the feasibility of using the capacitance to convert the meat-grinder circuit model, put forward the discharge patterns of single resonant circuit on the basis of the above analysis. Through simulation analysis and comparisons, it can be concluded that the discharge mode of single resonant circuit can maintain a high efficiency of energy transfer and limit the voltage of circuit breakers while has the advantage of superconducting energy storage. This provides a new way about researching the small pulse power of electromagnetic propulsion. In order to verify the feasibility of a single resonant circuit discharge model, a small high-temperature superconducting pulsed transformer close to practical requirements has been developed. In liquid nitrogen soaked conditions, the electrical characteristics and pulse shaping experiments has been tested. By getting a current pulse whose current peak exceeds4kA, it can be strong evidence that the single resonant circuit discharge mode and the structural design of high-temperature superconducting pulsed transformer were feasible. Finally, by using the experimental high temperature superconducting pulsed transformer as a unit model, a multi-module integrated pulse power system design has been made. Through the use of the electromagnetic finite element analysis and comparison of a multi-module arranged in a parallel to the axis structure and in a circle structure, it can be found that the arrangement of the circle structure is more conducive to the pulse power system with multi-module high temperature superconducting pulsed transformer. Moreover, with the number of modules increases, its static simulation performance will be increased at the same time. By combine of the single resonant circuit and the Marx generator circuit structural, a design of the eight modules of the integrated pulse shaping circuit has been made. Transient simulation of current pulse shaping process showed that the pulse power system of eight modules can get a peak current more than140kA pulse which basic meet the requirements of electromagnetic propulsion experimental research. In addition, the paper established a mathematical model of multi-module pulse shaping circuit which driving the electromagnetic propulsion and simulated and analyzed its performance of driving the electromagnetic propulsion. Some of the factors that affect the energy conversion efficiency were analyzed at the same time.更多还原