【作者】 刘燕；

【导师】 纪晓岚；

【作者基本信息】 华东理工大学 ， 社会学， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 中国社会面临着转型之痛,处在全民追求高速发展的浮躁时代,对本该平和的养老环境产生了巨大的负面影响。面临老龄化迅速发展的压力,适应宏观社会经济发展的需要,构建完善的制度化养老保障和服务体系成为全民的普遍呼声和国家的宏大抱负。从近二十年的发展实践看,我国制度化养老保障体系逐步建立和完善。同时,深受中国传统孝道文化影响下的家庭养老功能还发挥着作用。本文着重研究制度化养老和家庭养老两种典型的模式之间的关系。本文主要从选择行为分析的视角,采用质性研究方法,主要针对上海市城市老年人养老模式进行系统分析。分三个阶段收集了47组包含79个主要发生在上海的养老案例数据资料,探索性地展开三级编码过程,主要解决以下三个方面问题,“家庭中养老模式的决策逻辑是什么?”“制度化养老与家庭养老功能之间的关系是什么?”“政府和家庭的养老责任如何定位?”全文主要从以下四个方面深入回答论证了以上这些问题。首先,分析国家职能调整和家庭结构变迁基础上的制度化养老建构逻辑。论证了制度化养老如何分别在经济层面、精神层面和生活层面对家庭的扩展和渗透作用,子代由此产生替代性预期从而影响家庭赡养决策。论证了社会福利系统的制度化养老对家庭养老功能产生了“挤出效应”,并且是一种“交叉性挤出效应”。也就是说,随着制度化养老福利系统的发展和逐步完善,家庭养老功能逐步弱化。这种弱化不仅体现在子代对亲代经济支持的减少,并已经蔓延到精神慰藉和生活照料层面,形成“代际反哺危机”。其次,分析影响代际反哺危机产生的根本原因。研究发现,家庭经济基础的改变以及伦理文化观念的变迁是两大调节性因素。家产获得模式的变迁动摇了代际反哺的物质基础,瓦解了家庭共同体,从而出现了选择性供养的赡养逻辑。同时,由于政治制度、经济制度和文化制度的发展轨迹,造成了孝文化的式微与城市社会代际反哺伦理的消解,打破了代际交换的均衡逻辑,出现了“代际倾斜”现象,产成了代际信任危机和角色错位。陌生人社会的特征也使得社会舆论对家庭伦理丧失行为的监督声音日渐沉默。接着,分析代际反哺危机引发的养老困境后果及其化解危机的策略。研究表明,现实中存在养老的制度化风险。一系列制度化养老政策本意在于规避养老的风险,但是这些制度出现了意外后果,反过来又产生了制度性风险。研究从多主体合作互补风险治理以及风险均衡分配角度,分别对多主体的养老风险承担和养老责任进行诠释和分配。同时,建构了制度化养老支持下的家庭养老社会政策构思,重新诠释了家庭养老功能的现代意义,肯定了家庭养老功能的不可替代性。从家庭伦理、法律保障、资源支持、家庭劳动价值、社会参与以及家庭整体福利体系等角度提出了家庭养老社会政策框架。最后,结论部分归纳建构了本文最核心的理论创新部分——“代际反哺危机形成机理”理论解释模型,回应了社会交换理论、福利多元化理论以及风险社会理论在中国的适用性问题。全文的主要结论是制度化养老的出现可能导致代际反哺协议的瓦解,其中受到家庭的经济基础因素和社会的文化伦理因素的调节和影响,造成家庭养老功能的式微,即代际反哺危机的现实,由此映射出现代性意义下养老的制度性风险。研究认为,基于老年人的多种养老需求,家庭养老模式是其他任何养老模式所不可替代的,老年人养老责任主体最终在于家庭。不要忽视家庭养老功能的保持和重构,在家庭结构和社会结构发生多重变奏情形下,政府的养老责任的着力点应该放在家庭层面,在“帮家庭从而帮老人”的核心理念下,重构融合制度化养老和家庭功能的家庭养老社会政策。更多还原

【Abstract】 It has a great influence on the living environment of the elder that China is in the period of society transformation with pursuit of rapid development. Within that broad call and national ideals, it is necessary to establish a perfect system of old-age security system and service for faceing rapidly ageing and meeting the needs of social development. We have established the elderly support system in the recent twenty years. At the same time, the function of family supporting also play a important role under the influence of chinese traditional filial piety. This dissertation focuses on the relationship between institutionalized Elder care and family function.The dissertation mainly studies the mode of providing for the urban aged in Shanghai from the angle of choice behavior using qualitative research method. It has collected47groups of data including79aged cases most occurred in Shanghai at the three stages and encoded three level. It mainly gives the answers to the following three issues. What is the decision logic of the mode of providing for the aged? What is the relationship between institutionalized elder care and family function? What is the responsibility of government and family about elder care? It mainly answered above questions from the following four aspects.Firstly, it analyzed the construction logic of institutionalized elder care based on the state function adjustment and changes in family structure. The function of institutionalized elder care has extended to the economic level, spirit level and living level of the family function. Filial generation generate alternative expectations and influence of family support decision. It proved the fact that the institutionalized elder care has crowded out the family function even a cross crowding-out effects. That is, the family function has gradually weakened with the development of institutionalizedized old-age welfare system. This weakness is not only to cut down the financial support to the elder from the filial generation, but to reduce the spiritual consolation and life care. It produce intergenerational crisis of reverse-feeding.Secondly, it analyzed the root causes that impact of the crisis. The study found that there are two general causes consist of transformation of family economic foundational and Changes of ethical culture. The change of property acquisition model shakes the material basis of reverse-feeding and collapses of the family community. Thus it appeares the selective support logic. Meanwhile, the filial piety has declined and urban social reverse-feeding digested.They break the intergenerational exchange equilibrium logic. It generates the phenomenon of the intergenerational tilt and intergenerational trust crisis, dislocation of roles as well. Public opinion do not supervise the behavior of ethics loss at home because of characteristics of stranger society.Thirdly, it analyzed elder care’s dilemma because of intergenerational crisis of reverse-feeding and strategy of defusing the crisis. It proved these are institutionalized risk about the elder care system. A series of institutionalized policy intent to avoid the elder risk, but the system has had unintended consequences.It interpretate that how to share risk and delegate responsibility. At the same time, it has construct the social policy of family supporting base on the support of the institutionalized elder care.It reinterpretate the modern significance of family supporting function and affirm it irreplaceable. It put forward to the family support social policy framework from the angle of the family ethics, legal protection, resource support, family labor value, social participation and family welfare system.Lastly, the conclusion summarizes the construction part of theoretical innovation, that is, the expositive model of formation mechanism of intergenerational crisis of reverse-feeding. It has responsed to the applicability in China on social exchange theory, welfare pluralism theory and the theory of risk society.The conclusion is that Institutionalized Elder Care collapse the Intergenerational protocol of reverse-feeding. It caused the decline of family function, that is, the fact of intergenerational crisis of reverse-feeding. The causes lie in the loss of both family economy and social cultural ethics.It reflects institutionalized risk of elder care under the modern sense. The family function is irreplaceable because of the elder’s variety of care demand. The liability of elder care finally lies in the family. Don’t look down upon the reconstitution of family function. Face the changes in family structure and social structure, the focal point of care liability of the government should be put on the family level. Based on the core idea of "to help the family, to help the old man", family support social policy is reconstruct integrate with institutionalized elder care and family function.更多还原