【作者】 王海波；

【导师】 樊红；

【作者基本信息】 武汉大学 ， 地图制图学与地理信息工程， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 国家统计局2011年第六次全国人口普查数据显示,我国老龄化进程逐步加快。当前的计划生育政策、经济环境和竞争形势导致子女们没有时间或能力照顾老人,养老暂时又不能全靠政府,社会居家养老服务模式有望解决上述问题。随着社会的发展进步,子女最关心的不再是老人的衣食起居,而是老人的身体状况,疾病或灾害突发时的应急救援,这已成为解决居家养老的关键问题。国家“十二五”规划要求大力发展城市信息化建设、智慧城市建设,运用IT技术、GIS技术、互联网、物联网和技术提高城市管理和公众服务水平。本文针对日益显著的社区居家养老的需求,运用GIS技术,RFID室内定位技术和语义推理技术,重点研究了居家老人常患疾病监测与突发事故应急辅助决策问题,取得下列具有一定创新性的研究成果。(1)建立了老年人生理指标本体库和常患疾病推理规则库,同时也建立了老年人常患疾病诊断标准的必备标准表和可选择标准表,能完成老年人日益突发疾病的诊断和及时预警。(2)在充分研究多种路径计算模型的前提下,考虑道路情况的时变性和复杂性,针对路段阻抗最小和交叉口信号灯延误时间最小两个目标,基于GIS,提出了基于遗传算法的送医模型,可快速计算出综合的最(较)优送医路径,并与静态算法进行对比验证,且在GIS综合解决方案设计平台上实践模拟,实验结果表明,相对传统的运用GIS(地理信息系统)路径分析建模方法,本文提出的基于遗传算法的送医模型,参考建模因子更多,算法开放扩充性更好,能快速计算出综合的最(较)优送医路径。(3)提出了基于RFID设备改进的LANDMARC算法进行室内位置求解,改进算法在保证LAN DMARC算法精度的同时节省了大量参考标签的部署,较快速、准确获取火场中老人的室内位置,借助智能设备获知火灾现场情况,根据建筑物内人员位置、起火点和毒烟蔓延位置、安全出口位置以及走廊和楼梯形成的网络,以起火点和毒烟蔓延位置为断点,通过求取最大动态连通图和最短路径动态求解逃生或救援通路,提出了基于RFID设备的突发火灾现场应急救援动态指挥模型和解决方案,该模型和方案相对传统的蚁群疏散模型和方案、社会力模型和方案等而言,能有效的解决因不清楚火场内的燃烧情况和烟气蔓延情况和无法查清待救援老人的大致位置等情况带来的疏散和救援困难,能实时了解火灾现场情况,并能指挥调度增加火场人员逃生几率。更多还原

【Abstract】 In2011,the population aged60and above rose2.93%compared with2000which accounted for13.26%and aged65and above that contain80%empty-nester rose1.91%compared with2000which occupied8.87%of the total population, according to the sixth nationwide census from the national bureau of statistics.This has showed our aging process is accelerated.The elderly could not be taken good care of by thier children because of the current family planning policy, economic environment and competitive situation which made the offsprings don’t have time or ability,besides, temporarily the elderly can not totally rely on the government.Hence, the birth of home-based care services model is expected to solve the above problems. With the development of society,what children concern most are thier parent’s physical status and the emergence measurement when suddenly happened.The national "Twelfth Five Year Plan" which aims to improve the level of city management and the quality of serving the people by means of information requires to develop city informatization construction and wisdom city construction.The paper, which is based on the GIS technology, RFID indoor positioning technology and semantic inference technology and also based on the platform of digitalcity by means of city construction, using the Internet, video surveillance and communication technology, can be summarized in the following three aspects:(1) The creation of the physiological indexes of elderly people and infectious disease ontology inference rule base, and the establishment of the essential standard and optional table can make the diagnosis diseases and timely warning come true.(2) The precondition of studyiing multiple path calculation model is to consider the time-varying and complexity of the road situation.The proposition of the genetic algorithm based medicine feeding model can compare with the static algorithm and quickly calculate the best-route to hospital which the target is to the road impedance minimum and the intersection delay time of minimum two goals.Compared with the relative use of traditional GIS (Geographic Information System) path analysis and computational modeling,the simulation practice in the comprehensive solution of the GIS design platform make more Reference Modeling divisors into accout.And this algorithm has a better open system which can caculate the best-route quickly.(3) The proposition of the LANDMARC algorithm based on improved RFID equipment has a indoor position solution which can accurately locate the elderly in fire scene. According to the positionof building staff, fire and poison smoke spread,safety exit and corridors and stairways network,the maximum dynamic Connected graph and the shortest path solution of dynamic escape or rescue pathway can be analysed by seeing the fire and poison as a breakpoint and lead to the proposition of RFID-based emergency rescue command model and the solution plan in a sudden fire.Compared with the traditional ant colony optimization evacuation model and social force model,this model can effectively help to solve the problem of unknown combustion and smoke in fire scene and the undetective location of the elderly. The escape probability in fire scene can increase when the scene of the fire can be known and effective activation command is made.更多还原