【作者】 余金煌；

【导师】 陶月赞；

【作者基本信息】 合肥工业大学 ， 水利工程， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 对水下堆积体的物质组成及其分布特征等内容的准确了解,往往是水利工程建设与维护的重要基础工作,现多采用综合地球物理勘查(简称物探)方法,确定堆积体的分布范围与深度,再结合相应的钻探,对物探成果进行验证并进一步查明堆积体的物质组成。在浅水区,受水体深度、目标体的结构特征、波浪等外界因素的干扰,使各种物探方法的有效性受到明显影响；不同时期堆积体其组份差异往往较大,由此所构成的堆积体,其物理性质的复杂多变,给物探成果的准确解译形成很大的障碍。以淮河中游干流护岸抛石和大型水库除险抛石为主要研究对象,针对高密度电阻率法、探地雷达法和高密度地震映像法这三种目前主要的工程物探方法,利用不同水深、不同厚度堆积体的数值模拟和现场实测成果,进行有效性对比研究；针对堆积体物性复杂多变的特点,对物探解译方法进行相应的改进；研究过程中,结合实际工作中所常遇的复杂工况,对仪器设备进行适用性改良。所获得的创新成果：(1)对高密度地震映像方法,研制了一种轻型气压式浅水域全自动触发器设备,在经济合理的前提下,有效克服了大能量震源的气泡效应。(2)在综合研究高密度电法、探地雷达和高密度地震映像法在浅水域抛石体探测中所表现的特征和规律的基础上,建立了浅水域抛石体探测的地电模型,并进行了正反演模拟,为浅水域堆积体精准探测应用提供理论支撑；(3)根据浅水域堆积体上覆水体的不同深度,堆积体的结构特征和赋存状态,探索精准探测方法,明确了对应的有效物探方法组合；上述工作,将为不同物探方法的有效选择与野外工作的高效实现提供技术支撑。更多还原

【Abstract】 The exploration of accumulation bodies’ composition and its distribution characteristics is always the basis for hydraulic engineering construction and maintenance. The integrated geophysical survey is applied mostly to deduce the distribution range and depth of accumulation bodies. Then, the results of geophysics is verified and the objects’ materials are discovered according to drilling. However, almost all of the geophysical methods are affected by external factors, such as water depth, structure characteristics of the target body and wave. And it is believed that the material difference in the accumulation bodies during various periods is often larger, leading to difficulty of processing geophysical interpretation.The paper takes dumped riprap in the middle reaches of Huaihe River and danger elimination riprap as main research objects. In view of the high density resistivity method, ground penetrating radar and seismic imaging as the three major engineering geophysical exploration methods, the targets’ density, velocity and dielectric constant the forwarding computing is conducted where the physical parameters of water depths change,.The geophysical interpretation technology according to the complicated property of the accumulation bodies is improved for the complex accumulation body physical characteristics. And the geophysical equipment’s applicability is also improved in order to adapt to the complex condition during surveying. The innovations are:(1) It improves a light pressure type automatic trigger device which could be used in shallow waters during high density seismic image surveying, and the improved device will overcome the bubble effect of the large energy source.(2) On the basis of the characteristics of high density resistivity method, ground penetrating radar and high density seismic image method, a shallow waters riprap model is established, which will provide theoretical support for accurately detecting accumulation bodies under the premise of economic rationality.(3) A precise survey method according to different water depth, structure characteristics and occurrence status of accumulation bodies is probed, the corresponding effective combination geophysical surveying is also clear out. The above results will be effective for different geophysical exploration method selection and field work efficiently to provide technical support.更多还原