【作者】 徐敏燕；

【导师】 黄祖辉；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 产业经济学， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 自然资源是人类生存和发展的物质基础,对经济社会发展和人类文明进步发挥了重要作用。人类社会发展的历史其实也是自然资源不断消耗的历史,伴随着工业化进程的不断推进,自然资源供给出现短缺,生态环境被严重污染,可持续发展岌岌可危,因此,如何提高自然资源的开发、利用方式以及效率,成为经济社会发展中迫切需要解决的问题。鉴于产业集群的发展热潮和成功集群的示范效应,近年来我国很多地区通过培育资源型产业集群以求拉动资源产业的发展或实现地区经济的振兴,但实践效果不一：如浙江嘉善通过发展木业集群,诸暨通过发展珍珠养殖集群,永康通过发展五金集群,成为资源型产业集群的成功典范。东北老工业基地通过扶持重点资源产业集聚区试图使经济走出衰退,以实现振兴,但效果还不显著。这些现象说明,资源型产业集群的形成和演进有其自身的发展规律,必须以动态演化的眼光对其发展过程进行考察,从而使资源型产业集群成为资源型区域可持续发展的行之有效的产业形态。本文在分析我国资源型产业集群特征、现状以及借鉴国外资源型产业集群发展经验的基础上,对我国资源型产业集群的行为特征和组织环境进行动态演化研究,构建了“行为特征—组织环境—演化路径—实证检验”的分析框架。论文以理论和实证相结合的方法剖析了资源型产业集群集聚行为、竞争合作行为和创新行为的演化,并从市场环境、制度环境、生态环境方面考察了组织环境对资源型产业集群演化的影响,探讨了行为机制、组织环境变迁下资源型产业集群演化可能存在四条路径：一是通过创新实现转型升级；二是集群企业向外迁移；三是向纵向一体化演化；四是集群陷入衰退。最后,以景德镇陶瓷产业集群的演化为例进行了实证研究。运用资源经济学、产业经济学、演化经济学等理论,采用定性和定量相结合、比较分析等方法,研究得出以下结论：(1)资源型产业集群可持续发展是在资源型产业集群动态演化过程中,在行为机制和组织环境的影响下,通过合理开采资源、提高资源使用效率、发展可替代资源以及优化组织结构等方式,尽量延长资源型产业集群生命周期,并在演化过程中最大地发挥资源价值,使资源型产业集群规模和效益均得到增长,竞争力得到提升,并促成其在经济、社会、生态等方面的和谐发展。(2)资源型产业集群演化过程,表现为集群行为特征发生相应演变,而集群行为特征背后的内在机制的动态演化,又决定了资源型产业集群的演化,行为机制与资源型产业集群之间存在协同演化。(3)资源型产业集群的演化不仅受行为特征背后的动力机制的影响和制约,还与集群所处的组织环境存在密切关联。资源型产业集群所处的市场环境、制度环境以及生态环境与行为机制一起共同决定着产业集群的发展方向。在行为特征演化和组织环境变迁的影响下,资源型产业集群朝着不同的路径进行演化。围绕着“行为特征—组织环境—演化路径—实证检验”的分析框架,本文在以下方面进行尝试性的创新：(1)从动态演化的视角研究资源型产业集群的可持续发展问题,把可持续发展观贯穿于集群整个发展演化过程,深化了产业集群可持续发展的研究；并运用数理统计分析方法,研究了资源型产业集群行为特征和组织环境的演化过程和影响。(2)在实地调研的基础上,对景德镇陶瓷产业集群的演化历程进行回顾和总结,运用现代计量方法和比较分析方法对景德镇陶瓷产业集群的演化进行实证研究,分析了行为特征、产业环境对景德镇陶瓷产业集群演化的影响,并通过与佛山和醴陵陶瓷产业集群的比较分析,使景德镇陶瓷产业集群的演化研究进一步得到推进。更多还原

【Abstract】 Natural resource is the material base of human survival and development. It has played an important role in economic and social development and pushed forward human civilization. In fact, the history of social development is also the history of resource degradation. As the constant advance of industrial process, the shortage of natural resource supplies occurs, ecological environment has been badly polluted and sustainable development is at stake. So, how to improve the way and efficiency of natural resource exploitation and utilization, has become the problem that needs urgent solution in economic and social development. Considering the development trend of industrial cluster and demonstration effect of the success, many regions have cultivated natural resource-based cluster, hoping to stimulate the development of natural resource industry or revitalize local economy, but the practice effect has difference. For instance, via creating wood industrial cluster in Jiashan, pearl industrial cluster in Zhuji, and hardware industrial cluster in Yongkang, Zhejiang province, these regions have become the successful models of resource-based industrial cluster. Through giving support to key industrial gathering zones, Northeast Old Industrial Base tries to go out of the mire of economic recession and achieve economic revitalization, but the result is not so good as they had expected. These phenomena have shown that natural resource-based clusters have their own laws of formation and evolution, we must investigate their developing process with dynamic view, thus making natural resource-based clusters to become the effective industrial form for sustainable development of resource-oriented regions.On the basis of characteristic and current situation of natural resource-based clusters in our country and learning the experience from the foreign ones, we study the dynamic evolution of behavior characteristics and organizational environment of resource-based clusters, and constructs the analytical framework of "behavior characteristics-organizational environment-evolutionary path-empirical test". Combining theoretical analysis with empirical study, the dissertation analyses the evolution of agglomeration, competition and cooperation, and innovation behaviors. It has also discussed the influence of market, institution and ecological environments on natural resource-based cluster. Then, under the change of behavior mechanism and organizational environment, resource-based cluster may have four evolutionary paths:first, achieving transformation and upgrading by innovation. Second, shifting out of the resource-based cluster. Third, becoming enterprise group. Fourth, falling into recession. In the end, taking the evolution of Jingdezhen ceramic cluster for example, an empirical research has been done.Through application of industry economics, resources economics, and evolutionary economics, combining theoretical analysis with empirical research, and comparative analysis, we can draw conclusion as follows:(1) the sustainable development of resource-based cluster is, in the process of dynamic evolution of resource-based cluster, under the influence of behavior mechanism and organizational environment, by means of mining resources rationally, raising utilization efficiency of natural resource, exploiting substitute resources and optimizing organizational structure, to increase its life cycle as far as possible, and develop resource value to the fullest extent, making the scale and performance growth, boosting competitiveness of resource-based industry cluster, and promoting the harmonious development of economy, society and ecology.(2) The adaptive evolutions of its behavior characteristics have happened in the evolution process of natural resource-based industry cluster. The dynamic evolution of its behavior characteristics and interior mechanism, also facilitates the evolution of natural resource-based industry cluster. There are co-evolution between them.(3) Besides the influence of the behavior characteristics and interior mechanism, the evolution is closely related to organizational environment. The market, institution and ecological environment jointly facilitate the evolution of resource-based industrial cluster with behavior mechanism. Under the influence of behavior characteristics and organizational environment transition, the evolution of natural resource-based cluster has happened towards different paths.Under such analysis frame as behavior characteristics-organizational environment-evolutionary path-empirical test, trial theoretical innovations are made in the following two aspects:(1) From the view of dynamic evolution, the sustainable development of resource-based industry cluster has been studied. It makes the sustainable development penetrated in the whole evolution process, extending the research category of sustainable development of industry cluster. By the method of mathematical statistics, the evolution process and influence of behavior characteristics and organizational environment on the natural resource-based cluster are unfolded.(2) Based on the field research, the dissertation reviewed and summarized the evolution process of Jingdezhen ceramic cluster. By adopting econometrics and comparative analysis, taking Jingdezhen ceramic cluster as example, an empirical research has been done. It has studied the influence of behavior characteristics and industrial environment on Jingdezhen ceramic cluster. Through the comparative analysis between Foshan and Jingdezhen ceramic clusters, the research on the evolution of Jingdezhen ceramic cluster has been promoted further.更多还原