【作者】 张伟；

【导师】 吴家庆；

【作者基本信息】 湖南师范大学 ， 马克思主义基本原理， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 国家利益就是满足国家以生存发展为基础的各方面需要并且对国家在整体上具有好处的事物,是现代国际政治和国际关系理论的重要内容。马克思主义经典作家非常重视利益问题。列宁运用马克思主义的世界观和方法论观察和分析国家利益,构建了他的国家利益理论,既继承又发展了马克思主义关于国家利益的学说。列宁国家利益观涵盖有：国家主权观、国家安全观以及国家发展观。研究列宁国家利益观,对于我们推进国家理论研究和更好地维护我国的国家利益具有重要的指导意义。本文的主要内容由引言部分和五章组成。其中引言部分：说明了本选题在理论和实践上的意义,国内外学者对于本选题研究的研究现状,本文笔者的主要观点与创新处以及研究的思路和方法。第一章是列宁国家利益观的形成与发展：对列宁国家利益观在主权观、安全观、发展观三个方面进行了概述。论述了列宁国家利益观是对马克思恩格斯的国家利益理论的继承与发展,对俄罗斯民族文化传统观念的扬弃,对西方资产阶级国家利益理论的批判与借鉴,并以法国巴黎公社的建立与失败、日俄战争、俄国十月革命为历史依据,以列宁国家利益观从第一次世界大战到保卫苏维埃政权,再到苏俄新经济政策时期的发展脉络为研究线索。第二章是列宁国家主权观：列宁运用军事力量和外交手段捍卫国家政治主权,运用贸易手段和经济管理措施捍卫国家经济主权,通过继承本民族文化传统、尊重各民族文化差异来捍卫国家文化主权。第三章是列宁国家安全观：列宁运用无产阶级专政、民主集中制、党的领导和思想政治建设等手段维护国家政治安全,通过建立社会主义物质基础、学习资本主义经验、同资本主义竞赛等方式维护国家经济安全,通过提高共产主义道德修养、培养社会主义新人、借鉴人类各项文明成果等手段维护国家文化安全。第四章是列宁国家发展观：列宁通过加强党的建设、发展民主法治、加强法制建设、倡导公平与效率统一和创造良好的国际生存环境等手段来推进国家政治发展,通过保障人民生活水平、实现全俄电气化、发挥专家作用和经贸往来,推进国家经济发展；通过普及文化教育、加强共产主义思想教育、发展科技文化教育等手段推进国家文化发展。第五章是列宁国家利益观对当代中国的启示：坚持党的领导是维护国家主权的政治基础；抵御外来侵犯是捍卫国家主权的主要任务；反对分裂主义是捍卫国家主权的主要举措。综上所述,列宁国家利益观,不仅是关于国家利益的理论,也是正确处理国家利益问题的方法。列宁国家利益观体现了国家政治、经济、文化利益等方面的统一。当今中国正处于社会历史发展的关键时期。国家发展面临着巨大的机遇和各方面挑战。如何处理国际关系、营造适合发展的外部环境,怎样应对国内政治、经济、文化、社会以及生态文明建设中出现的问题,是我国现阶段必须应对的重大课题。想要找寻这样一些问题的答案,我们毫无疑义地应当考察世界上首个社会主义国家的历史情况,分析和整理第一个社会主义国家创始人列宁国家利益学说,提炼其国家利益观的核心思想要素,从而为我国在复杂的国际和国内环境下,更好地维护国家利益和提高国际地位提供理论指导。更多还原

【Abstract】 National interests, which is the important content of the modern international politics and international relations theory, is to meet the country’s various aspects’need based on the survival and development and have benefits to countries on the whole. Marxist classical writers attach great importance to the interest problem. Lenin used the Marxist world outlook and methodology to observe and analyze the issues of national interest, and then formed the concept of proletariat national interest, At this point, he enriched and developed Marx’s concept of national interests. Lenin’s concept of national interest includes the concept of national sovereignty, national security and development. Study of Lenin’s concept of national interest has an important guiding significance for us to promote national theoretical research and safeguard our national interests better.Main contents include: Introduction:the theoretical and practical significance of this subject, the review of research at home and abroad, main ideas, innovations and research methods. Chapter one is about the formation and development of Lenin’s national interests view:Lenin’s concept of national interests overview in sovereignty, security, development. Lenin discussed the concept of national interests is the inheritance and development of national interest theory of Marx and Engels, the absorption and development of the Russian national cultural tradition rational kernel and the critical and reference of western bourgeois national interests. The concept of national interests is based on the historical events from the establishment and failure of the Paris Commune, Russo-Japanese War to the October Revolution and from the first World War to Soviet regime defend as well as the development of Russian new economic policy as the research clue. Chapter two introduces the Lenin’s state sovereignty view: Lenin used military force and diplomacy means to defend the political sovereignty of the States, used the tools of the trade and economic management measures for safeguarding their economic sovereignty and defend state cultural sovereignty by inheriting the traditional culture and respect for the cultural differences. Chapter three is Lenin’s national security view: Lenin used the proletarian dictatorship, democratic centralism, the leadership of the party and the ideological and political construction means to maintain national political security. Through establishing the socialist material basis, learning capitalism experience and competing with capitalist to safeguard national economic security. By improving the communist morality, cultivating new socialism person and learning from human civilization achievements to maintain cultural security. Chapter four describes Lenin’s national development view:Lenin advance national political development by strengthening construction of the party, developing democratic and laws, strengthening legal construction advocating fair and efficiency unified and creating the good international survival environment; Lenin promote the development of national economy by guaranteeing people’s living standard, achieving Russian electrification, playing the role of experts and economic and trade exchanges;Lenin promote the development of national culture by the popularizing for cultural education, strengthening the Communist ideological education and developing scientific and cultural education. Chapter five is the enlightenment of Lenin’s national interest view for contemporary China:sticking to the leadership of CPC is the political basis. Defending aggression is the main task of maintaining sovereignty integrity of the state. Opposing internal separatism is the main measure to protect sovereignty. To sum up, Lenin’s concept of national interests, is not only simply describes the construction of national interests, but methods to deal with national interests problem correctly. Lenin’s national interest view embodies the unity of the national political, economic and cultural interests.Nowadays, China is confronted with the crucial period in the history. And it is faced with both great opportunities and challenges at all aspects of national development. How to deal with international relations and create a suitable international environment and how to solve the domestic political, economic, cultural, and social problems as well as the problems emerging in the construction of ecological civilization are all important issues in today’s China. To answer these questions, we should undoubtedly learn from the historical experience of the Soviet Union.To achieve this goal, we should extract the core elements of Lenin’ view to national interest so that we could better protect our national interest and enhance our country’ international prestige when facing the complicated domestic and international situation.更多还原