【作者】 周颖；

【导师】 史志康；

【作者基本信息】 上海外国语大学 ， 英语语言文学， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 本篇论文以石黑一雄的《远山淡影》、《浮世画家》、《长日留痕》、《无法安慰》、《上海孤儿》、《别让我走》六部长篇小说为研究对象，探究这些作品的共同主题——创伤。这六部小说均采用第一人称叙事，以主人公回忆过去的形式展开。叙述的过程大多言辞含糊、躲躲藏藏，那些不愿触及的话题和不想承认的事实只有在只言片语中才能被捕捉到。人物的这些表现具有明显的创伤后症状的特质。小说呈现了受创者努力忘却而无法忘记的痛苦状态，凸显了创伤经历对于他们当下生活的影响，从而传递了作者的强烈共鸣与深切同情。通过对创伤理论的研究和应用，论文分别从个人、家庭和社会三个层面来分析小说中的创伤问题，归纳出小说家通过运用诸如不可靠叙事、超现实主义手法、侦探小说形式等叙事方法，表现了主人公被往事所萦绕的困境，实践了如何以文学形式叙述不可言说的创伤经历。论文检视了石黑一雄小说叙事中创伤个体的分裂症状、残缺记忆和由此引发的身份危机问题，探究作者如何处理创伤叙事的两难局面——在受创者通过讲述创伤经历而得到宽慰的同时，又真实展现创伤令人恐惧和痛苦的那一面，不消减创伤事件的震撼力。石黑多部作品中的人物都在年幼时失去了父母的关爱和温情，这对他们今后的人生造成了根本上的影响。小说呈现出脆弱的婚姻关系和紧张的亲子关系，折射了当下的社会现实问题。历史变迁导致社会氛围骤然改变，主人公之前的身份被公众否定和边缘化，加剧了他们的创伤。作者通过表现个人记忆与公众历史的差异，剖析社会体制对少数人群进行的压榨和剥削，表达了对宏大历史中被忽略的弱势群体声音的关注。石黑一雄以创伤及其后果为平台，用含蓄、幽微的笔法，呈现出现代社会对个体的压抑，以及人与人之间的疏离感，对身份、性别、家庭关系、社会制度、历史变革等问题进行了批判，表达了对世间平凡人物命运的同情悲悯之心。更多还原

【Abstract】 This thesis is intended to explore Kazuo Ishiguro’s oeuvre, including A PaleView of Hills, An Artist of the Floating World, The Remains of the Day, TheUnconsoled, When We Were Orphans, and Never Let Me Go from the perspective oftrauma theory. Employing first-person narration, these novels deal with thememories of their protagonists respectively. However, there is a disinclination onthe part of the characters in Ishiguro’s novels to discuss the past in unsparing details.The obscurity and diversion in the narration shows the narrators’ hesitation to beconfronted with the painful past, which identifies the characteristics of post-traumasyndrome. These narratives demonstrate the agony in the victims’ endeavor to evadethe ever-haunting past and highlight the powerful affects of the traumatic past.This dissertation investigates the trauma theme in individual, domestic andsocial dimensions. By applying various kinds of narrative strategies, such asunreliable narration, surrealist techniques, and detective story elements,Ishiguro has manifested the predicament faced by the characters twined bypainful experience, probing into the possibility of presenting and representingthe unspeakable tragedy in literature. This thesis studies the split personalityand fragmentary memory of the individual subjects and the consequentidentity crisis. Also it is devoted to figure out how the writer grapples with thedilemma of the trauma narrative, because while narrative is a way for victims totake control of their lives and accelerate healing and recovery, the transformation ofsuffering memory into narrative may dilute the precision and powerful nature of thetraumatic events. The traumatized protagonists are deprived of the natural warmthand care from the parents at a very young age, which affects them in their future lifeand distorts their comprehension and relational capacities. The vulnerability of marital relations and the tense relationships between family members in Ishiguro’sfiction manifest the social problems nowadays. The social and historical dimensionof trauma also deserves close attention, where those silenced and marginalized byoppression have been givenvoice. The traumatic history in Ishiguro’s novels will be inspected throughindividuals living the personal consequences of this history. In his novels, Ishigurodemonstrates the disparity between private memory and public history and depictsthe effects of historical change on the lives of the ordinary people. Along with that,the author takes the readers through the mistakes and conspiracy of an exploitativesystem, which aggravates individuals’ suffering.Ishiguro’s six novels demonstrate repression in modern society and showhis empathy and sympathy toward the ordinary. Ishiguro’s trauma narrative playsan important role in arousing the trauma awareness in this modern industrial societyfull of crises.更多还原