哈萨克斯坦国家需求与对外战略研究

【作者】 舒景林；

【导师】 赵伟明；

【作者基本信息】 上海外国语大学 ， 国际关系， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 哈萨克斯坦独立后，由于制定了适合哈萨克斯坦国情的对外战略，哈萨克斯坦的国际地位和国家形象不断提高。其对外战略和实践成为人们关注的重要内容。通过归纳，不难发现许多文献仅仅是停留在对哈萨克斯坦对外战略的政策解读上，而对哈萨克斯坦对外战略制定、实践、调整的根源较少涉及。本文关注的核心问题是“哈萨克斯坦全方位对外战略制定和实践的动因是什么?”。一些学者提出影响哈萨克斯坦对外政策制定的因素包括哈萨克斯坦的社会政治经济发展状况、复杂的民族、宗教关系、地缘政治、政治体制以及大国政治等。这些解释对于我们认识哈萨克斯坦的对外战略不无裨益。但需要指出的是，由于变量众多，相关解释往往面面俱到，结果很难说明哪些因素发挥了重要作用，因此存在操作层面的难题。本文试图采用国家需求理论对这一问题加以解释。国家需求包括安全需求、发展需求与和谐需求三个层次。这三个层次存在于国家发展的全过程，但不同时期，占据主导地位的需求层次不同。国家需求决定了对外战略的制定，并且占据主导地位的需求层次变化决定了对外战略的调整。由此，本文提出了一个解释哈萨克斯坦对外战略制定、实践和调整的动态变化的分析框架。在论述了哈萨克斯坦对外战略的制定和外交实践后，本文将重点放在哈萨克斯坦对外战略的动因分析上，即哈萨克斯坦政治制度的形成及其特点、哈萨克斯坦经济发展的过程和哈萨克斯坦的社会发展，这三个方面使哈萨克斯坦产生了不同的国家需求，进而解释了哈萨克斯坦的对外战略制定、调整及其实践的原因。更多还原

【Abstract】 After Kazakhstan’s independence, because of the establishment of the suitable externalstrategy, Kazakhstan’s international status and country image constantly increases. Its foreignstrategy and practice to become an important part of people’s attention.By induction, is not difficult to find many documents just to stay on the interpretation of theKazakhstan Foreign policy strategy, very few involved in its formulation of foreign policystrategy, practice, or root of the adjustment.The core question this article focuses on is " Whatmotivation is Kazakhstan’s all-round foreign policy strategic development and practice?" Somescholars have suggested factors which affecting the development of Kazakhstan ’s foreign policy,such as social political and economic development of Kazakhstan, the complex ethnic andreligious relations, geopolitics, political system and power politics. These explanations give a lotof help to us to understanding Kazakhstan ’s foreign strategy. But it should be noted that, due totoo many variables associated exhaustive explanations, the result is it is difficult to explain whatfactors play an important role.This article attempts to explain this issue with the National Needs theory. National Needs,including security needs, development needs and harmony needs. These three levels exist in thewhole process of national development, but at different period or stages, dominant hierarchy needsalways changes. Thus, this paper presents an analytical framework to explain the establishment,practice and adjustment of Kazakhstan foreign strategy.In the discussion of the development and practice of Kazakhstan Foreign Policy strategy,the paper will focus on the move of its foreign policy strategy, which allows Kazakhstan toproduce three different national needs, They are the formation and characteristics of Kazakhstan’spolitical system, the process of economic development of Kazakhstan and the Kazakhstan societydevelopment, then explains the development of Kazakhstan’s foreign strategy, adjustment andpractical reasons.更多还原