中国国家形象建构中文化符号的运用与传播

【作者】 蒙象飞；

【导师】 吴友富；

【作者基本信息】 上海外国语大学 ， 国际关系， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 在建构主义看来,国际体系的基本结构是一种社会结构,而不是一种绝对的物质结构。社会结构即观念的分配或国际体系文化,确定了施动者即国家行为体的含义及认同,确定了行为体的身份、利益,确定了其所从事的经济、政治及文化活动的模式。按照建构主义的理论,国家身份、国家形象很大程度上是一种话语建构,是本国自我话语描述和他国话语描述相互博弈的结果。。事实上,在国际社会中,物质实力雄厚和国民素质高的国家,国家形象并不一定好；一个国家的客观物质状况或社会体系没有改变,国家形象却发生了变化。国家形象的优劣并不完全取决于国家现实状况和自身努力程度。国家形象是国家间基于社会互动而建构的一种相互身份认同关系。作为话语建构的重要载体,文化符号的对外传播效果直接影响国家形象建构的成效。然而,在中国的对外传播中,文化符号误读现象非常普遍,由此给中国国家形象造成诸多负面影响。本文以建构主义理论为视角,在分析了当前中国国家形象认知困境形成原因的基础上,探讨了符号(文化符号)在传播信息、形成共识、建构身份、塑造形象中的重要作用,提出了当前中国国家形象建构中文化符号的价值取向、选择原则和传播策略等。本文认为,中国文化符号在对外传播取向上应符合当前中国“和平发展、求同存异、负责任大国”国家形象的战略目标要求；选择原则上既要注重民族性、普适性,还要注重传统、现代与未来的统一性,融入世界话语体系,采用最大通约性的文化符号,跨越文化交流异质性障碍,克服文化交流认知误差；传播策略上要采取整合策略,积极向国际社会制造和供给“共有观念”,在不断的创新和超越中实现文化符号的现代性重构,进而增进国际社会对中国的了解,对中国“和平发展、求同存异、负责任大国”国家形象的认同。本文最后以中国黑白艺术为文化符号标示,简析了以中国书法、中国画为代表的中国黑白艺术在建构中国“和平发展、求同存异、负责任大国”国家形象中的符号功能。更多还原

【Abstract】 In terms of constructivism, the basis of the international system is the social structure, but not an absolute material structure. Social structure, the distribution of conceptions or cultures within the international system, determines the actor, namely the state actor, whose implication and acknowledgement, and determines its status, nterests, s well as the mode of its economic, political and cultural activities. Due to the theories of constructivism, a state image and status refers to the discourse constructing in a large proportion, and they are the results of the game between the native and foreign discourses. Actually, in the international community, a rich state with enlightened citizens is unnecessary in forming a good state image; even there has not been change in the objective conditions nor the social system, its state image may have shifted. The image of a state does not depend on whether its own condition is good or not, nor whether it endeavors or not. A state image is a mutual acknowledgement in status, based on the massive interaction among nations.Cultural symbols, serving as important..carriers of discourse constructing, has direct influence on the constructing of a state’s image in the process of external communication. Whereas, it’s not uncommon to see misinterpretation in the transmission of China’s cultural symbols overseas, which brings much negative impact on China’s image. The very thesis possesses a perspective of constructivism, displays the analysis on the reasons why there is a dilemma in the formation and the acknowledgement of China’s image as the basis, explores the indispensable role of symbols (cultural symbols) in the communication, the formation of consensus, the construction of status, the shape of images, and puts forward the value orientation, principle selection, and the communication strategy for cultural symbols in the current construction of China’s state image. The very thesis believes that the transmission of China’s cultural symbols overseas should correspond with the strategic objectives of the state image-peace and development, seeking common grounds while reserving differences, being a responsible great power; and it believes that selection of cultural symbols which attach importance to nationality, universality, as well as the consistence of convention, contemporary and future, in order to get involved in the global discourse system, to overcome the substantial impediments in the cross-culture communication and the misunderstanding in the cultural communication; and it believes that the usage of integral policy would produce and supply the international community with certain common conception, would accomplish the modern reconstruction in the continuous innovation, and would promote the comprehension of China for the international community as well as the acknowledgement in the China’s image of peace and development, seeking common grounds while reserving differences, being a responsible great power. In the last part, the very thesis takes a specific part of Chinese culture:the culture of Black and White, which is embodied in China’s calligraphy and China’s painting as an example of cultural symbols, and analyzes the function of cultural symbols in constructing China’s image as a state of peace and development, seeking common ground while reserving differences, and being a responsible great power.更多还原