【作者】 刘红；

【导师】 余子侠；

【作者基本信息】 华中师范大学 ， 教育史， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 纵观近代中国教育发展史,教育翻译自始至终参与了推动中国教育早期现代化的重要历史进程。可以说,教育翻译对近代中国每个时期的教育改革与发展作出过重大的历史性贡献。教育翻译及其成就直接关系着中华民族的振兴,引导着中国近代社会的发展进程。作为教育翻译活动主体的中国留学生则扮演着多重角色,他们既是翻译者和传播者,也是新式教育的学习者和实践者。正是留学生的教育翻译促使西学得到全面而系统的引入,使外国先进的教育制度、教育思想、教育理念、教学内容以及教学方法等在中国得以更好的传播与吸收,从而加快中国教育改革与发展的步伐。由是可见,研究近代中国留学生教育翻译及其对中国近代教育改革、教育学科体系的创立以及教育理论中国化的深远影响,无疑具有十分重要的历史研究意义与现实借鉴价值。那么,近代中国留学生教育翻译如何兴起和发展?翻译的主要内容是什么?采取什么样的翻译策略和方式?对近代中国教育改革与发展产生何种影响?这种教育翻译及其成果对中国教育早期现代化的进程有何影响?这些翻译者们在各个发展时期扮演着怎样的角色?为了回答此等问题,本研究采用“翻译目的论”和“多元系统论”为理论分析框架,作出下述层次有序的探讨：文章导论部分主要陈述了选题缘由及研究意义；确定了研究范围并对有关概念进行界定；分析了选题所处领域的研究现状；阐明了作者的研究思路、理论及方法。第一章探讨了近代中国留学生教育翻译活动的兴起。包括留学生教育翻译兴起的历史背景、留学生教育翻译群体的形成、以留学生为主体的教育翻译机构以及主要传播载体。第二章阐述了1895～1937年间中国留学生教育翻译的运行轨迹。包括教育翻译的发展脉络、教育翻译动机模式的演变、教育翻译方式的选择与变衍、教育翻译成果展现形式的演化以及教育翻译过程中留学生多重角色的扮演,从而勾画出甲午战争后至抗日战争前中国留学生教育翻译的演进轨迹。第三章主要梳理了1895～1937年40余年间中国留学生教育翻译的主要内容,借以探寻在中国教育早期现代化进程中留学生通过翻译向西方教育引进和借鉴的具体内容。包括教育交流过程中产生的口头、笔头文献资料,如教育制度、教育著作及讲义、教科书、教学方法、教育演讲以及教育小说等内容的翻译。第四章论述了留学生的教育翻译对中国近代教育改革的影响。诸如教育制度的翻译为中国新型教育制度的制定提供了可资参考的蓝本,促进了中国教育制度的现代化；教育理论的翻译使得德国赫尔巴特教育思想、美国杜威实用主义教育思想以及马克思主义教育思想等得以在中国传播与接受,带来了教育观念的嬗变、教育宗旨的更新,从而促进了教育思想的现代化；教科书的翻译为新式学校提供了丰富而切用的教学材料,使西方自然科学知识、社会科学知识,尤其是教育学知识得以传播与推广,从而促进了学校教学内容的变革；教学方法的译介使得西方先进的教学方法得以在中国传播与实践,从而使学校教育逐步走向科学化和民主化。第五章论述了留学生的教育翻译对教育中国化的影响,包括留学生在借鉴的基础上开始了教育中国化的早期探索,试图通过借鉴来创建中国的教育学以及教育学科体系,在结合本国教育实际的基础上构建具有中国特色的教育理论。文章结语部分主要是对中国留学生教育翻译的主要特色进行总体性的归纳总结,肯定留学生教育翻译的历史贡献,指出教育翻译存在的主要不足之点,并对今日中外教育交流如何更好地进行教育翻译提出个人的思考和建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 Taking an overview of the history of China’s education development, I find that the educational translation has been playing an important role in promoting the early modernization process of its education. It can be said that educational translation has made a significant contribution to the educational reform and development in each period, and educational translation and its achievements are directly relative to the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, leading the developmental process of Chinese modern society. As the main body of educational translation activities, the overseas students played multiple roles:translators and disseminators, learners and practitioners of the new type of modern education as well. It was through the educational translation by the overseas students that the western learning was comprehensively and systematically introduced to China. As a result, the advanced educational systems, thinking, ideas, teaching contents and methods, and so on from abroad were better absorbed and spread in China, thus accelerating the pace of educational reform and development. Obviously, the study of educational translation by the overseas students and its far-reaching influence on the Chinese educational reform and development is no doubt of great historical research significance and practical reference value.So, such questions arise as follows:How did the educational translation by the overseas students start up and develop in modern China? What were the main contents of the translation? What kind of translation strategies and methods were adopted? What impacts did it have on modern Chinese educational reform and development? What influences did the educational translation and its achievements exercise upon the early modernization process of Chinese education? And what roles did the translators play in various stages of the development? In order to answer the above questions, this study will adopt Skopos theory and Polysystem theory as its theoretical framework for analysis. This dissertation mainly consists of the following parts:The Introduction part presents the rationale and significance of the study, delineates the scope of the study and some relevant concepts are defined afterwards, then it examines the previous studies and the status quo of the present research, and finally the research plan, theories and methods employed are clarified.Chapter1discusses the rise of the educational translation activities by the overseas students in modern China, involving its historical background, formation of educational translation groups of the overseas students, the educational translation agencies with the overseas students as the main body, and the major publication media as well.Chapter2outlines the development track of the educational translation activities by the overseas students occurring from1895to1937. Through examination of the development path of the educational translation, evolution of its motivational patterns, choice-making and changing of its translation approaches, development of the publication forms of its results, as well as multiple roles played by the overseas students in the process of translation, it attempts to delineate the evolution track of the educational translation by the overseas students from the Sino-Japanese War to Anti-Japanese War.Chapter3mainly collects and analyzes the main contents of the translated educational materials by the overseas students during over40years from1895to1937in order to explore what specific stuff had been introduced to China for reference from the West through translation in the process of early education modernization, including written and oral documents and literatures, such as the education systems, education works and handouts, articles, textbooks, teaching methods, and education speeches, as well as education novels, etc.Chapter4explores the major influences of the educational translation by the overseas students upon the modern Chinese educational reform. For example, the translation of the western education systems provides good samples for China to formulate its own, thus facilitating the modernization of the Chinese education system; the translation of western education theories helps the spreading and reception of such educational concepts in China as Herbart’s scientific education theory, Dewey’s pragmatic concept of education, and Marxist concept of education, which leads to the transformation of educational philosophy and renewal of educational aims in modern China, hence advancing the modernization of the Chinese education ideology; the translation of textbooks provides a rich and practical teaching materials for the newly established modern schools together with the western learning of natural science, social science and educational science in particular, which results in a rapid change of the teaching contents; the translation of teaching methods gives rise to the transmission and practice of the western advanced teaching methods in China. All this paved the way for the school education of China to gradually move towards a democratic and scientific one.Chapter5deals with the impacts of the educational translation upon the theory building with Chinese characteristics, including the early attempt at sinicization of the western education theories and establishment of a Chinese education discipline and system on the basis of reference to the west and the domestic conditions. The Conclusion part summarizes the main features in general of the educational translation by the overseas students. While acknowledging its historical contributions, this study points out its main deficiencies and proposes some personal reflections and suggestions on how to better conduct educational translation in current Sino-foreign educational exchange.更多还原