【作者】 刘荣；

【导师】 郑杭生；

【作者基本信息】 华中师范大学 ， 社会学， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 当代中国正处于社会转型急剧加速时期,改革开放政策的实施,解放了农民,调动了农民的生产积极性和主动性。但计划经济体制下,城乡二元社会结构的存在和户籍制度的限制,使得农民工现象及农民工问题成为当前学术界和政界共同关注的大问题。农民工的出现表面上看是城乡二元的户籍制度造成的,实际上还有更深层面的结构制约。长期以来的城乡户籍制度,隔断了城市间、城市和乡村间正常的人口迁移,妨碍着中国人口向城市的聚集,使得我国的城市化水平一直偏低,且与工业化脱节,造成了农村剩余劳动力涌向城市的强大势能,由此形成了农民工问题。新世纪以来,为了打破城乡二元社会结构,缩小地区发展不平衡和贫富不均问题,我国提出了促进区域协调发展,统筹城乡一体化,坚持走新型工业化、信息化、农业现代化和积极稳妥推进新型城市化的“四化同步”的道路。在推进新型城市化进程中,有序推进转移农业人口市民化,成为当前社会转型期我们必须面对的一个重要现实问题。以LZ市的实地研究为例,将农民工这一数量庞大的群体,放在面临世界现代性全球化的长波进程和本土社会急剧转型的特殊脉动这样一种二维视野中,考察农民工群体作为社会主体的一部分,他们“现代性的成长”过程和市民性的获得。农民工、国家、市场和市民在不断地互动中如何成长,参与城市公共生活获得自身市民权利的,培养自己的市民性。研究以社会运行学派的理论为基本主线,直面中国社会转型这一基本事实,用社会转型论分析中国社会发展的历史背景和现实基础,在社会互构论的理论框架下,探索国家、市场和个人在农民工市民化过程中,农民工个人、国家和市民等社会行动主体关系的互构共变关系,互构主体、互构时空和互构效应,探讨在“社会实践结构性巨变”下,农民工的“现代性成长”的逻辑。社会结构转型带来了农民工群体内部的分化与转型,个体化社会中老一代农民工、新生代农民工并存,但这两个群体种种差异的存在,使得农民工市民化不是一蹴而就的,不可能同时实现市民化。相比老一代农民工而言,新生代农民工的市民化意愿和能力都很强。相比而言,老一代和新生代农民工在受教育程度,对土地的依恋,外出打工的动机,对未来的预期等方面存在代际差异。在新型城镇化推进过程中,农民工市民化可能也需要通过代际之间的共同努力来实现。这种通过代际间实现的市民化,就是农民工的代际市民化。农民向市民的转化是现代化过程中一个特定阶段,是属于整体现代化的一个重要组成部分。但我国是一个东西部差距过大、社会发展极度不平衡的发展中农业大国,在新型城市化推进过程中,国家的发展战略虽然向西转移,但东部地区的发展依然快于西部地区,生态环境和地域空间差别的存在,使得农民工市民化也不可能在全国同时实现。正是由于现代化过程具有一定的时序模式,所以,农民工市民化不可能在某一时段整体实现。和现代化具有时序模式一样,农民工市民化也将具有一定的差序特点,应该根据差异化程度的大小,因地制宜,优先考虑具备支付市民化财力的地区,或者说以某一个中心城市为原点,向周边进行市民化扩散,由近及远的实现市民化。这种不同时间段实现的市民化就是农民工的差序市民化。在当今世界社会和当代中国社会双重急剧转型过程中,农民工市民化就是农民工、国家、市场等其他社会行动主体关系的互构共变关系,他们相互形塑着对方。在中国社会经历从旧式现代性向新型现代性转型的过程中,农民工个人也正在经历着从旧式现代性向新型现代性的转型过程。换言之,农民工市民化就是农民工的“现代性不断成长”过程。在农民工个人的“现代性不断成长”的累积过程中,农民工个人的独立性、自主性日益增强,得到表达并逐渐内化于个人心理,市民性得以养成,农民工实现市民化。更多还原

【Abstract】 Contemporary China is in a period of dramatically accelerated social transition. The opening-up reform, while liberating the peasants, has enhanced their consciousness of and enthusiasm towards production. However, the limitations caused by our urban-rural binary social structure and that of household registration system make the issue of migrant workers a big problem and common concern in academia and politics.The emerge of migrant workers on the surface seems to be contributed by the household registration system based on the urban-rural binary opposition. It, however, can be linked with structure limits in a deeper sense. The long-term urban-rural household registration system has prohibited the normal migration both between cities and between cities and rural areas, hindering a large population from gathering towards cities, which has led to the continuous lower level of our urbanization and its disassociation with industrialization. The lower urbanization level in turn resulted in the great potential of our surplus rural labor rushing into cities, hence the issue of migrant workers.Since the new century, in order to break away from the urban-rural binary structure, decrease the regional development imbalance and reduce uneven distribution of wealth, our country has presented the "four approaches":promoting coordinated regional development, integrating urban and rural development, adhering to the new industrialization, informationalization, agricultural modernization and new urbanization. In the process of promoting the new urbanization, orderly transferring of the citizenization of the agricultural population has become an important problem and a reality confronting us during our current social transition.This study mainly takes the field study of LZ as an example. A huge number of migrant workers are put in a two-dimensional vision where they are faced with a special pulsating wave process of the globalization of world modernity and rapid transition of our local community. This study examines the process of migrant workers’"growth of modernity" and the obtaining of their consciousness of citizenship, as a part of the social body. It also examines how migrant workers, the state, market and the citizens grow in constant interaction, how they participate in cities’ public life to get their rights as citizens and develop their own civility. In this study, the theory of social operation school is the main line. This research confronts the basic fact that China is under social transition, analyzes the historical background and realistic basis for the development of Chinese society with the Social Transformation Theory, explores the mutual-construction and covariant relationship, the mutual-construction subject, the mutual-construction time and space, and the interaction effect of the social actors, i.e. individual migrant workers, the state, citizens, etc. in the process of migrant workers’ citizenization with the theoretical basis of social mutual-construction. This dissertation also explores the logics of migrant workers’"growth of modernity" under the "structural changes of social practice".This study assumes that the transformation of social structure has contributed to the split and transformation inside the migrant-worker group, the co-existence of migrant workers of older and younger generations. However, the various differences between these two groups unable the citizenization of migrant workers to be an overnight process. Neither can it be completed simultaneously. Compared with the older group, migrant workers of younger generation have stronger will and ability of citizenization. The older and younger generations have sequential differences in education level, the attachment to land, the motives of working away from home, the anticipation for their future, etc. In the forwarding process of the new urbanization, it is very likely that migrant workers’ citizenization needs to be accomplished with the co-efforts among sequences. This type of citizenization through sequences is thus referred to as the sequential citizenization of migrant workers. The transformation from peasants to citizens is a particular phase in the process of modernization, an important component of the integral modernization. However, our country is a agriculture-dominated developing country, where lie some much-too-great differences between the east and west parts, and the social development has been extremely imbalanced. Though in the promotion process of new urbanization, our country’s development strategy has turned towards the west part, the development in the east part is still eminently more rapid. The ecological, environmental and regional differences have prohibited the citizenization of migrant workers from being simultaneously accomplished in the whole nation.Influenced by the time-and-sequence mode in the modernization process, migrant w orkers’ citizenization is impossible to be wholly completed in a certain period of time. R esembling modernization, migrant workers’ citizenization will contain certain differentia1and sequential characteristics. Therefore, it is reasonable to specify their citizenization according to the extent of their differences, considering priorly the regions capable of fin ancial support for the citizenization of migrant workers. Or, to put in another way, firstly a central city should be regarded as a starting point for their citizenization, and then grad ually from hither to thither it can be widely spread and completed. This type of citizeniza tion with different time periods is the differential and sequential citizenization of migrant workers.In the process of the rapid dual transitions of both the contemporary world society a nd the contemporary Chinese society, the citizenization of migrant workers is the mutual-construction co-variant relationship among migrant workers, the state, the market and al so other social actors. They shape each other. Along with the transition of Chinese societ y from the old modernity to the new modernity, individual migrant workers are also und ergoing the same transition. In other words, migrant workers’ citizenization is the proces s of their’constant growth of modernity’. In this accumulative process of their individual’ constant growth of modernity’, their individual independence and autonomy gradually in crease, are expressed and also become embedded in their inner mind. Thus their civility are fostered and their citizenization accomplished.更多还原