【作者】 宋文生；

【导师】 林剑；

【作者基本信息】 华中师范大学 ， 马克思主义基本原理， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 苏东坍塌与中国崛起,成败关键在于能否从客观实际出发,找出一条适合本国国情发展的正确道路。作为现阶段中国最大实际的社会主义初级阶段论,找准了社会历史发展的具体方位,为中国特色社会主义理论体系的形成提供了理论基石、科学依据与逻辑起点。时代发展到今天,中国经历改革开放的实践,发生了沧桑变化,取得了瞩目成就,但并不意味着社会主义初级阶段论的结束,相反,正是因为中国牢牢把握社会主义初级阶段论,不动摇不懈怠不折腾,才在这场伟大的实践变革中,形成了初级阶段发展的基本路线、基本纲领,走出了一条符合实际的康庄大道,完成了其它社会制度无法完成的发展奇迹,彰显了这一理论无与伦比的优势。党的十八大报告提出将社会主义初级阶段作为中国特色社会主义建设的总依据,再次在党的重要文献中凸显了社会主义初级阶段论的特殊地位,这一论断再次成为学界关注与研究的热点、焦点与重点。在21世纪第二个十年,在国际国内风云变幻的复杂新形势下,阐明什么是初级阶段的中国特色社会主义、在初级阶段如何发展中国特色社会主义,以及在中国特色社会主义理论体系中,这一伟大理论的作用及其价值等,具有十分重要的理论与实践意义,是坚定历史方位、全面深化改革、迈向更高阶段的客观要求。本文从马克思恩格斯社会形态学说的一般理论出发,立足中国特色社会主义理论体系,运用文献研究法、逻辑与历史分析法、理论与实践结合的论证法和多学科综合的比较分析法,结合当前的研究基础,对社会主义初级阶段论进行深刻剖析和全面阐述,论述了社会主义初级阶段理论的理论渊源、实践探索、理论提出、形成依据、基本内容、科学地位与价值意蕴。具体来讲,本文包括以下内容：导论部分,阐述论文选题的背景和进行该研究的意义,总结、评述当前国内外学者关于社会主义初级阶段论的研究现状,提出研究思路、文章架构、研究方法以及预期的创新目标。第一章,论述社会主义初级阶段论的理论渊源。从马克思恩格斯社会形态学说的确立与建构、继承与发展两个层面开展论述。首先,从马克思恩格斯社会形态学说的早期萌芽、初步形成、正式确立、丰富与完善四个阶段,阐述马克思恩格斯社会形态学说的确立与建构；其次,从列宁、毛泽东等社会形态观出发,论述了列宁关于落后国家跨越资本主义阶段等思想,论述了毛泽东新民主主义社会等理论。这些为社会主义初级阶段论形成奠定思想基础。第二章,论述社会主义初级阶段论的实践探索。从国外世界共产主义运动的实践与国内建设社会主义的实践两个层面开展论述。首先,从世界共产主义运动的实践探索着手,从马克思恩格斯、列宁、布哈林等关于共产主义运动的实践出发论述了世界共产主义运动重心的东移,从斯大林、赫鲁晓夫、勃列日涅夫、戈尔巴乔夫等建设苏联的实践出发论述了“苏联模式”成功与失败的经验教训；其次,从社会主义社会过渡时期的实践与反思、社会主义现代化建设初期的实践与反思等两个方面入手,在反思中分析一切从实际出发、实事求是的哲学意义,认清当今中国最大的国情、最大的实际,为社会主义初级阶段论形成奠定实践基础。第三章,论述社会主义初级阶段论的提出过程。从历史的演进脉络中,论述社会主义初级阶段论的形成、发展与深化的三个阶段与过程。首先,阐明以邓小平为核心的第二代中央领导集体创造性地提出社会主义初级阶段论,找到了建设中国特色社会主义的正确历史定位；其次,阐明以江泽民为核心的第三代中央领导集体增加了对阶段特征的论述,在内涵与外延上发展了社会主义初级阶段论；再次,阐明进入新世纪新阶段,以胡锦涛为总书记的中央领导集体论述了社会主义初级阶段的“三个没有变”,从“总依据”高度深化了社会主义初级阶段论,以习近平为总书记的中央领导集体提出中国梦,进一步深化了认识。第四章,着重论述社会主义初级阶段论的形成根据。从社会主义初级阶段论形成的国情根据、生产力根据与思想文化根据等三个层面展开论述。首先,从客观、全面的观点,历史、发展的观点,比较、辩证的观点等不同的视角出发,阐述了正确把握国情是社会主义初级阶段论形成的基础；其次,从生产力的内部特殊结构状况与生产力的特殊地位出发,阐述了生产力根据是社会主义初级阶段论形成的关键；再次,从思想文化的多元性与文化发展同精神需求的不完全适应性出发,阐述了思想文化根据是这一理论产生的内在要求。第五章,详细阐述社会主义初级阶段论的基本内容。从社会主义初级阶段的基本内涵、历史跨度与具体分期、与马克思主义社会形态学说的关系等三个层面展开论述。首先,阐明了社会主义与初级阶段两个方面的基本内涵；其次,从初级阶段的历史跨度与具体分期出发,阐明了社会主义初级阶段100年不动摇的历史跨度,并着重论述了社会主义初级阶段三个具体的时期划分；再次,从比较的视角阐述了马克思“三形态”说、“五形态”说等与这一论断的关系。第六章,重点论述社会主义初级阶段论的科学地位。运用比较研究、系统研究的方法,从纵向、横向与逻辑的角度,从三个层面论述社会主义初级阶段论是中国特色社会主义理论体系的理论基石、科学依据、逻辑起点。首先,从纵向角度出发,阐明社会主义初级阶段论是邓小平理论、“三个代表”重要思想、科学发展观等理论产生的源泉；其次,从横向角度出发,阐明“五位一体”总布局的科学内涵与本质要求,深入论述社会主义初级阶段论在经济、政治、文化、社会、生态文明“五位一体”建设中的地位；再次,从逻辑角度出发,阐述中国特色社会主义理论体系的逻辑结构,指出在改革开放的实践中,最一般、最基本的规定是社会主义初级阶段论。第七章,论述社会主义初级阶段论的价值意蕴。从理论、实践、时代三个层面论述这一论断的当代价值。首先,阐明其理论价值,是对现阶段中国社会主义社会形态的理论创新,对新民主主义社会理论的继承与发展,对马克思主义世界历史思想的丰富与发展,对马克思跨越思想的深化与发展；其次,阐明其实践价值,提出社会主义初级阶段论是进一步解放思想、破除发展障碍、全面深化改革、推动科学发展的思想利器；再次,阐明其时代价值,将其作为实现现代化和中国梦的理论武器。结语部分,立足现实,展望未来,对马克思主义社会形态学说进行梳理,对社会主义初级阶段论的内涵、地位与意义进行概述,对迈向更高阶段的演进规律进行阐述,并提出文章需要进一步深入研究的内容。更多还原

【Abstract】 The collapse of the former Soviet Union and China’s rise, finding the correct road to development which adaptable to its national conditions is the key to success. Theory on the primary stage of socialism is the China’s largest contemporary. It is the theory source of the China miracle, the China dream and the China national rejuvenation, and it is the cornerstone of the socialist theoretical system with Chinese characteristics, also it is the scientific basis and logical starting point of this theoretical system. Although great changes have taken place in the current Chinese society, but China is and will be in the primary stage of socialism for a long time. The positive and negative experiences teach us that we must insist on the primary stage of socialism. The report of18th Party Congress of China put forward that the primary stage of socialism is the construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics based on the theory, so this theory become a hot academic concern once again. In the second decade of the21st century, with the changes of international and domestic situation, to clarify what is the primary stage of socialism, how to build socialism in primary stage, the primary stage of socialism theory in the system of theories of socialism, and it has both theoretical and practical values in contemporary, and it is objective requirement to strength the definite historical position, comprehensively deepen reform, towards the objective requirement of the higher stage.The paper starts from the general theory of Marx and Engels theory of social form, uses the literature research method, logical and historical analysis ways, argument of theory and practice method and combining multidisciplinary comprehensive comparative analysis method, on the basis of the existing relevant research results at home and abroad, combining with the system of theories of socialism with Chinese characteristics, this paper systematically expounds the primary stage of socialism theory and the profound analysis, discusses the theory of primary stage of socialism theory origin and practice exploration, the put of theory, basic content, scientific status and contemporary value. Specifically, this article includes the following:In the introduction part, this paper states the background and the significance of the study, summary and review the currently research of the domestic and foreign scholars, put forwards the research train of thought, the article structure, research methods and innovation goals.In the first chapter, this paper discusses the theoretical foundation of the primary stage of socialism theory. From two aspects to explain social form theory: the establishment and construction, inherit and development. First of all, from four stages states the theory of social form:early germination, preliminary formation, formally established, enrich and perfect,the article expounds the establishment of Marx and Engels theory of social form and construction; Secondly, starting from the view of Lenin, Mao Zedong and other social form, this paper discusses the Lenin’s thought about poor countries across the stage of capitalism and discusses the theory of Mao Zedong’s new-democratic society. All those are ideological basis of primary stage of socialism theory.In the second chapter, this paper discusses the practice of the primary stage of socialism theory.Based on the communist movement practice of the world both abroad and domestic to discuss. First of all, start from the practice of the world communist movement, this paper discusses the center of the world communist movement eastward and discusses the lessons of "Soviet model"; Secondly, from the practice of the socialist society transition and reflection, at the early stage of the socialist modernization construction practice and reflection on two aspects, such as analysis in the reflection on the philosophical meaning of everything from set out actually, seek truth from facts, identify the current China’s largest, the largest actual conditions and the practice basis for the primary stage of socialism theory formation.The third chapter discusses how the primary stage of socialism theory is put forward and enriched. Discussed in the context of the evolution of history, explains the formation of the theory of primary stage of socialism, the three stages and process of development and deepening. First of all, to clarify with Deng Xiaoping as the core of the second generation of leadership creatively put forward the theory of primary stage of socialism; Second, Jiang Zemin as the core of the third generation of central collective leadership put the basic characteristics, basic program and phase division of the primary stage of socialism theory, enrich the connotation of the history of building socialism; otherwise, enter the new century new stage, Hu Jintao as the general secretary of the central collective leadership of the primary stage of socialism put "three no change", from "always on" height to deepen the theory of primary stage of socialism, with Xi Jinping as general secretary of the central collective leadership put forward the Chinese dream, deepens the understanding of the primary stage of socialism theory.The fourth chapter discusses the formation basement of the primary stage of socialism theory. To explain this according to three levels:the formation of the primary stage of socialism theory, the state of the union, productivity, the thought and culture. First of all, from different perspectives expound correctly grasp the situation is the basis of primary stage of socialism theory; In terms of the situation of the internal structure and the special status of productivity expounds the productivity basement is the key to the primary stage of socialism theory; Again, from the ideological and cultural diversity and cultural development with the incomplete adaptability of spiritual demand, this paper expounds the ideological culture is the intrinsic request of the primary stage of socialism theory.The fifth chapter discusses the basic content of the primary stage of socialism theory.Tell the basic connotation of the primary stage of socialism theory, and also contains its historical span、the specific stage and the relationship of Marxist theory of social form. First of all, from two aspects to illuminates the basic connotation of primary stage of socialism theory; Second, from the historical span and the specific stages of the primary stage of socialism, illuminates that the primary stage of socialism won’t move in100years, and emphatically discusses the primary stage of socialism; Once again, from Marx’s "three forms", and "five forms" theory, compared with the primary stage of socialism theory, this paper discusses the relationship between primary stage of socialism theory and the Marxist social form theory.The sixth chapter mainly discusses the scientific position of the primary stage of socialism theory. By using the method of comparative study, system research from the perspective of the longitudinal, transverse and logic, explain that primary stage of socialism theory is the theoretical cornerstone of the socialist theoretical system with Chinese characteristics, and it is also the scientific basis and logical starting point. First of all, analysis that Deng Xiaoping theory and three represents theory, scientific development view all based on the primary stage of socialism theory which is the greatest practical of our country; requirements of the "Five one" general layout; further discusses the status of the primary stage of socialism theory in the construction of economic, political, cultural, social and ecological civilization; Again, this paper points out the logic structure of socialism theoretical system with Chinese characteristics, shows that in the practice of reform and opening up, the primary stage of socialism theory runs through the whole process of Chinese characteristic socialism theory system,it is the most general and basic rules of system of socialism theory. Chapter seven discusses the modern value of the primary stage of socialism theory, discusses the modern value of it. First of all, expounds the theory value of primary stage of socialism theory, put forward that it is theoretical innovation of socialist society theory. It is the succession and development of the theory of new democratic society, the abundance and development of the Marxism, is the latest achievements of Marxist practical epistemology; Secondly, clarifies the practical value of the primary stage of socialism theory, put forward the theory is to emancipate the mind, break the development obstacle, comprehensively deepen reform, realize scientific development dream; again, clarifies the value of times, put forward the primary stage of socialism theory is the weapon to realize the dream of socialist modernization and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese.The Conclusion based on reality, looking to the future, review the Marxist theory of social form, make a summary of the primary stage of socialism theory, including the connotation, status and significance, explains how to moving towards to a higher stage, and puts forward the content of the article which need to be further study.更多还原