【作者】 杨文正；

【导师】 熊才平；

【作者基本信息】 华中师范大学 ， 教育技术学， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 促进教育公平的根本措施是合理配置教育资源。丰富优质的教育信息资源及其高效利用是基础教育信息化纵深推进的关键。然而,适合我国教育信息资源共建共享有效机制尚未形成,基础教育信息资源建设过程中存在资金配置效益不高、资源质量较低和使用效率低下的问题。为了满足信息时代基础教育信息资源建设需求,本研究构建了信息化环境下“区域共建共享互换”的教育信息资源配置新型模式,系统地提出技术支持的基础教育信息资源公共服务均等化实现机制。即：通过动态调控教育信息资源建设和信息化环境建设经费比例,提升基础教育信息资源配置效益；依据用户反馈决定教育信息资源购买支付费率,提升基础教育信息资源建设质量；将用户使用教育信息资源的积分作为拨付学校信息化环境建设经费的重要依据,提高基础教育信息资源使用效率。传统“校校建信息资源库”模式的主要问题有：资源建设资金分散,难以形成规模效益；低水平重复建设现象严重,资源质量良莠不齐；优质资源共享不充分,受益范围有限。摒弃“教育资源只有教育系统自己建”的狭隘思想,融合公共服务外包理念,本研究依据“应用驱动、政府主导、企业开发、主动服务”的建设思路,设计基础教育信息资源配置的“区域内共建共享、区域间互换共享”新型模式。实现资源配置理念从静态、封闭、单一向动态、开放、多元转变,形成区域资源优势互补,大幅提高资源质量和增加资源数量,破解校与校之间教育信息资源配置失衡的难题,促使优质教育信息资源在更大范围内的服务均等化。基础教育信息资源建设经费投入大、周期长、收效慢,其开发与应用遵循边际收益递增规律,经济规模效应尤其明显。针对我国基础教育信息资源资金配置普遍采用“综合定额加专项补助”方式的不足,本研究提出“资金分流、动态调控”的教育信息资源建设经费投入策略。以教育信息资源的使用率决定资源购买与信息化环境建设经费之间的比例,动态调控经费划拨,实现“资源质量——用户使用”的良性循环,巧妙解决教育信息资源建设与使用相分离的问题,大幅提升教育信息资源建设经费的配置效益。教育信息资源质量最终体现在使用过程中满足用户需求的程度,真正的优质教育信息资源是“用户满意”的资源。为了探索教育信息资源质量改进途径,本研究设计“按需服务”的资源建设模式：企业开发高质量教育信息资源,政府根据用户的满意程度来购买支付。将资源使用累计积分作为结算依据,提出“用户反馈、按需付费”的资源服务购买方式。突破以教师为主导开发资源的建设模式,催生教育信息资源建设的商业化运营服务。实现从源头上保证教育信息资源质量,促进资源质量的持续优化。教育信息资源高效使用是其建设与服务的落脚点。要调动用户使用教育信息资源的积极性,既要构建良好的信息化环境和使用氛围,也要采取合适的激励措施,激发用户持续使用的动力。本研究通过实证探索影响用户持续使用教育信息资源的关键要素及机制,设计以资源使用效率决定学校获取环境建设经费的激励策略：环境建设经费是由学校内全体用户使用教育信息资源的积分来决定,而不是依据学校人数多寡来平均划拨。实现动态监控学校改善信息化环境和组织推广用户使用资源的力度,充分调动资源使用的内部和外在激励因素,切实提高教育信息资源使用效率,提升教学质量。研究立足基础教育信息资源“区域共建共享互换”模式,结合经济和技术手段,探索基础教育信息资源公共服务均等化实现机制。研究创新之处在于：将基础教育信息资源优化配置纳入公共产品理论的研究范畴;把公共服务外包理念移植到教育信息资源配置领域；提出教育信息资源市场商业化运营模式；从用户满意角度评价教育信息资源质量；从用户激励视角提升资源使用效率。同时,运用系统动力学方法来研究教育信息资源配置的复杂性、动态性、非线性和长期规划问题也是本文的特色之处。更多还原

【Abstract】 Rational allocation of education resources is the fundamental measure to improve education justice. Abundant high-quality education information resources and their efficient utilization is the key to the deepening of basic educational informationization. However, a suitable mechanism of education information resources’ co-constructing and sharing for our country has not yet formed. And there are some problems during the process of basic educational information resources construction, such as low benefit of fund allocation, low quality of resources and low efficiency of resource utilization, etc. In order to meet the needs of basic education information resources construction in information age, the study constructs a new mode of "regional co-construction, sharing and exchange" for educational information resources allocation. Meanwhile, the study systematically puts forward the mechanism to realize the public services equalization of educational information resources in basic education supported by technology. That is, adjusting dynamically the proportion of building funds of educational information resources and that of educational informationization environment to promote the allocation effect of basic educational information resources; Adjusting buy-pay ratio of educational information resources according to the feedback of users to promote of the construction quality of basic education information; Allocating building funds of school informationization environment according to accumulated credits of educational information resources used by each school to enhance utilization ratio of information resources in basic education.The main problems of traditional construction model of educational information resources based on individual school are as follows. Scattered resources construction funds leads to difficulty in economies of scale; low level repeated construction results in varying quality of resources; inadequate high-quality resource sharing makes limited beneficiaries of resources. We abandon the narrow-minded idea of "educational resources only can be built by education system alone" and incorporate the idea of public service outsourcing, then design a new mode of "inner-region co-construction and sharing, inter-region exchange and sharing" for basic educational information resources allocation, based on the thoughts of "application driven, government leading, enterprise development, active service". The change of resources allocation idea is from "static to dynamic, closed to open, single to multiple". It brings about complementary advantages of regional resources, sharply improves resources in quality and quantity. It also can solve the problem of unbalanced allocation of educational information resources among schools, and promote service equalization of high quality educational information resources in a greater scope.Basic educational information resources construction needs big investment, with a long cycle and slow effect producing. Its development and application follows the law of increasing marginal revenue, which has an obvious economy of scale effect. The strategy of "comprehensive quota and special subsidy"has many deficiencies, which is adopted widely in basic educational information resources allocation in our country. In order to solve this problem, the study proposes a new investment strategy of "funds distribution and dynamic control" for educational information resources construction. In this study, the funds proportion between resources purchase and informationization environment construction is decided by usage rate of educational information resources. Through dynamically controlling funds allocation, a virtuous cycle of "resources quality-users utilization" can be realized. It cleverly solves the problem of the separation between educational information resources construction and usage, and brings good allocation benefit of educational information resources construction funds.Educational information resources’ quality is embodied in the extent of meeting the users’ demand when been used. The high quality educational information resources are the resources truly satisfied by users. In order to explore the way of how to improve educational information resources quality, the study designs a resource construction mode of "on-demand service". That is, enterprises develop high quality educational information resources and government purchase and pay according to users’satisfaction. Making cumulating the scores of resources usage as the basis of settle accounts, the study proposes a resources service purchase manner of "users feedback and pay on demand", which breaks through the construction model of teachers developing resources and comes out commercial operation service for constructing educational information resources. Thus the resources’ quality can be promised from the beginning and improved constantly.Efficient utilization of educational information resources is the foothold of its construction and service. To enhance users’ positivity of using the resources, we need not only build favorable informationization environment and use atmosphere but also adopt proper incentive measure to motivate users to use constantly. The study empirically discusses the key factors and mechanism of affecting users’ constant use of educational information resources and designs an incentive strategy of deciding schools’ environment construction funds in terms of resources usage. That is to say, informationization environment construction funds determined by the cumulative scores of using educational information resources by the whole users in a school instead of being averagely allocated according to the numbers of schools’ people. It helps to dynamically supervise to what extent a school is improving informationization environment and generalizing users’ usage of information resources. The inner and outward incentive factors of using resources can be aroused fully. Therefore, the usage rate of educational information resources can be enhanced, leading to a higher instructional quality.Based on the mode of "regional co-construction, sharing and exchange" for basic information resources, this study analyzes how to realize public service equalization of basic educational information resources through economic and technological means. Its innovation are as follows: bringing optimal configuration of basic educational information resources into the research category of public product theory; transplanting public service outsourcing idea into the field of educational information resources allocation; putting forward the commercial operation mode of education information resources; evaluating educational information resource quality from the stance of users’ satisfaction; improving resources usage rate from perspective of users motivation. At the same time, by using system dynamics method, it studies the complexity, dynamics, nonlinear and long-term planning issues on educational information resources allocation, which is also featured in this paper.更多还原