【作者】 张宗登；

【导师】 刘文金；

【作者基本信息】 中南林业科技大学 ， 家具与室内设计工程， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 本研究站在中国本土化设计的基础上,重点研究湖南民间竹器的设计规律与设计文化,并结合地域特征、民俗文化、农耕文明等文化要素,对民间竹器进行系统的、整合的思考,不仅是思考民间竹器设计的出路,更重要的是要为中国现代设计提出可供参考的依据。全文以民间竹器的艺术特征与技术特征为研究主线,对湖南民间竹器的设计文化进行了全面的分析。就设计文化的角度来看,湖南民间竹器的设计文化包括三个方面的内涵,即设计器物层、设计组织层、设计观念层,这三个层面所对应的知识体系为,一是设计器物层,探讨湖南民间竹器基本特征,包括湖南民间竹器的材性、品系等要素；二是设计组织层,探讨湖南民间竹器的设计规律,主要从湖南民间竹器的技术、艺术特征及地域文化、湖湘文化、移民文化、民族文化等文化语境对湖南民间竹器的影响；三是设计观念层,探讨湖南民间竹器的设计振兴思路,形成具有中国特色的现代工艺设计理论。设计器物层包括两个方面的内容：一是湖南民间竹器的品系,二是湖南民间竹器的地缘物性。根据湖南民间竹器品系上的关联性,笔者将湖南民间竹器分为七个大的品系,即：与水相关的竹器；与火相关的竹器；与食相关的竹器；与住相关的竹器；与穿戴相关的竹器；与常见动作行为相关的竹器；基于装饰的竹器。这七个品系基本涵盖了近现代民间竹器的构成。根据湖南境内不同竹种的地域分布,分析了湖南民间竹器的地缘物性差异及特征,如湘西南地区的宝庆竹刻(楠竹)；益阳水竹凉席(水竹)；以绵竹、楠竹、桂竹为主要原料的湘西背篓；中方竹编斗笠(绵竹、桂竹)；湘中石鼓油纸伞(楠竹、桂竹)等。设计组织层包括湖南民间竹器的艺术特征、技术特征和文化特征,这些特征是湖南民间竹器设计文化的重要构成部分。在艺术特征的分析方面,本文从点形态、线形态、面形态、体形态等方面分析了湖南民间竹器的形态构成,并提出了湖南民间竹器形态具有他为性、他主性、他控性的特点；从雕刻、烙花、留青、染色、编织、镶嵌等方面,分析了民间竹器的装饰性特征和装饰性形式；根据民间竹器以原色为主的特点,介绍了竹黄色、竹青色、竹褐色、竹材化学着色、竹材涂饰着色、竹材漂白等方面的特征。湖南民间竹器的技术特征,是民间竹器设计文化的另一重要构成主体,主要包括工具体系和工艺体系。文中从采竹工具、切竹工具、剖竹工具、匀篾工具、竹刻用工具、编织工具等方面,分析了湖南民间竹器的工具体系。从竹段的截取、竹段的脱油、竹段的弯曲与矫正、竹段的漂白、竹段的结合、组装和面层加工等工序,分析了民间竹制家具的制作工艺；从竹丝竹篾的制作、竹篾的表面处理、竹器的编织、竹器的后期加固等工序,分析了民间竹编器具的制作工艺；从竹刻用材的选择、圆雕、镂雕、透雕、浮雕、阴刻阳刻等竹刻技法的使用及后期表面抛光、打磨等工序,分析了民间竹刻器具的制作工艺。根据民间竹器艺术特征和技术特征的研究,文中论述了湖南民间竹器器以致用,以人为本的设计原则；顺天应民,独具匠心的设计逻辑；经验相继,代代相传的设计伦理；开物成务,“道”“技”合一的设计思维；百折不饶,兼修并蓄的设计精神；经世致用,实事求是的设计文脉。并分析了影响湖南民间竹器设计的文化体系,主要有：湖湘文化、移民文化、农耕文化、生活方式以及跟设计技术相关的文化体系,如工具文化、工艺文化、材料文化、形态文化、功能文化等。最后分析的是设计观念层,文中指出了湖南民间竹器走向衰落的原因及发展滞后的主要因素,并结合时代发展脉搏的基础上,提出了现代民间竹器发展创新的三种方式：以产品创新为主导的设计观,以文化传承为主导的传承观,以技术革新为主导的发展观,希望以此促进民间竹器的创新发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper focuses on researching design rules and culture of Hunan folk bamboo product, basing on the Chinese local design. It is not only to think bamboo product design, the more important is to provide references for Chinese modern design, combining with regional characteristics, folk culture and farming civilization.This paper analyses comprehensively of design culture on Hunan folk bamboo product. The design culture of Hunan folk bamboo product include three aspects content of design objects layer, design organization layer, design concept layer from the perspective of design culture. The first one is design objects layer, including the factors of material of and strain. The second layer one is design organization, exploring the design rules of Hunan folk bamboo product from the main technical, artistic characteristics, regional culture, Hunan culture, immigrant culture, national culture and other cultural contexts. The third one is design concept layer, pioneering design ideas and forming modern technology and design theory with Chinese characteristics.Design objects layer includes two aspects, one is the strains of Hunan folk bamboo products, the other one is geopolitical properties of Hunan folk bamboo products. According to the relevance of bamboo strains, Hunan folk bamboo products are divided into seven major types,which are water-related bamboo products,fire-related bamboo products,eating-related bamboo products, living-related bamboo products,wearing-related bamboo products,behavior-related bamboo products, decorative-related bamboo products. According to geographical distribution of different bamboo species,the article analyzed the geopolitical differences and physical characteristics of Hunan folk bamboo products,such as Baoqing bamboo carving,Yiyang water bamboo mat,Xiangxi panniers,Zhongfang bamboo hats,Xiangtan bamboo umbrellas.Design organization layer includes art features, technical characteristics and cultural characteristics of Hunan folk bamboo product,which are important component of design culture.On the aspects of arts characteristic,this article analyzes the form construction of Hunan folk bamboo product from the point, line, surface, block, and proposes the characteristics of humanity, dominant, controlling.And then,the article analyzes decorative features and decorative forms from carving, branded flowers, stay green, dyeing, weaving, mosaic, etc;Lastly,it introduces the characteristics of yellow bamboo, bamboo green, brown bamboo, bamboo chemical coloring, coloring finishing bamboo, bamboo bleach, etc. The technical characteristics of Hunan folk bamboo products is another important part of design culture,including tools system and process system.The article analyzes the tools systems of Hunan folk bamboo products from mining tool, cut tools, split tools, uniform tool carving tools, weaving tools, etc.It analyzes production process of bamboo furniture from the bamboo section interception, bamboo segment de-oiling, bamboo segment bending and correction, bleached bamboo section,surface machining and other processes.And then it analyzes the craftsmanship of bamboo product from bamboo production making, surface treatment, bamboo weaving, bamboo post-reinforcement and other processes.Lastly it analyzes the craftsmanship of bamboo carving products from the choice of bamboo materials, carvings, carved, engraved, relief, intaglio carved the use of techniques.According to the previous study of art characteristics and design features,this paper discusses the design principles of people-oriented, the distinctive design logic, the design ethic from generation to generation,the design thinking for experience after another, the implicit design spirit and the statecraft, realistic design context. And the article analyzes the culture system and technology system of bamboo design.The culture system include the Hunan culture, immigrant culture, farming culture and people’s lifestyles,and the technology culture system include tool culture, craft culture, material culture, cultural patterns, functional culture. Meanwhile, the article outlines the design cultural characteristics of bamboo products from the practical, local, reproducibility, low resistance, simple, rough style and stylized.Finally, it’s about the layer of design concept. The paper points out the reasons of declining and the main factors of slow development and proposes three innovative development ways of modern bamboo products combining with the pulse of the times,which are the design concept of product innovation oriented,the heritage concept together with cultural heritage and the concept of development for technological innovation.更多还原