【作者】 范文静；

【导师】 孙克勤；

【作者基本信息】 中国地质大学（北京） ， 生态地质学， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 黄河石林位于甘肃省白银市景泰县东南部，于2004年被国土资源部列入国家地质公园名录。黄河石林地处我国西北干旱多风区的腾格里沙漠南缘。由于黄河石林地处偏僻、知名度低，针对黄河石林的研究很少，科研成果不足影响了其科学保护和管理的进程及价值的广泛传播。本文选取黄河石林国家地质公园为研究区，从地质景观形成机制、地质遗迹资源与生态安全评价、社区参与生态旅游发展模式构建等方面对黄河石林可持续发展进行系统研究。研究成果有助于丰富我国地质公园资源环境保护与生态旅游利用协同发展理论体系；也可推动黄河石林国家地质公园的资源环境有效保护与旅游产业可持续发展，提高地质公园的管理水平与促进当地居民致富增收。笔者及研究团队先后3次赴黄河石林地区深入考察，采集并掌握了大量的第一手资料。针对黄河石林国家地质公园发展中存在的各种问题，在广泛查阅国内外相关文献基础上上，明确本文研究目标与具体研究思路，运用问卷调查法、概念分析法、比较研究法、定性评价法、问卷调查法、德尔菲法、层次分析法、权熵法等方法对黄河石林的地质景观成因、地质资源与生态安全评价、社区参与生态旅游模式等方面进行系统研究。研究结果表明：1.对黄河石林地质景观的地质背景进行总结分析，阐述黄河石林的形成过程，推测黄河石林基岩于新近纪时开始形成，最早岩石类型应为干河沟组砾岩。2.黄河石林的资源具有景观规模大且造型独特、丰富的原生态民俗文化资源、逐渐形成较强影响力的影视文化资源的特点；然后从美学价值、科学价值、社会-经济-环境-文化价值等方面定性评价黄河石林地质遗迹资源；运用德尔菲法和层次分析法（AHP）建立黄河石林地质遗迹资源定量评价模型，对黄河石林地质遗迹资源进行定量评价，景观价值所占权重达0.6857，美学观赏价值与环境保护价值的权重分别为0.1396与0.1398，历史文化价值权重较小，仅为0.0384。最后对黄河石林地质生态旅游适宜性进行评价，黄河石林地质生态旅游适宜性为一级，应充分利用黄河文化在生态旅游发展中的作用。3.基于DPSIR（驱动力-压力-状态-影响-响应）模型，构建影响黄河石林生态安全评价指标体系，采用权熵灰色关联法得出黄河石林2005、2007、2009、2011、2013年的生态安全指数。（1）黄河石林地质景观的生态安全指数一直在0.50<(ESI)≤0.75的区间，处于比较安全状态；生态安全指数（ESI）2005年最低（ESI=0.564），之后指数逐年提高，2009年为0.637，2011年安全指数略有降低（ESI=0.633），2013年又有明显好转（ESI=0.666）。（2）分析D-P-S-I-R各因子的变化：驱动力（D）在2007年安全指数最高，2007年到2013年一直处于走低的状态，说明游客规模不断扩大、旅游从业人员刚性需求扩大、旅游基础设施建设占地增长给环境带来极大压力；压力（P）的安全指数有升有降，说明在压力因子在生态安全中的敏感度略低，反应滞后；状态（S）的安全指数一直呈上升趋势。说明黄河石林在景区生态环境保育上工作合理，能够及时处理景区废物、控制污染；影响（I）在2011年安全指数降低，与总体趋势一致，说明（I）中的游客满意度对生态环境质量敏感。环境状况直接影响游客体验质量；响应（R）的安全指数一直呈上升趋势，说明黄河石林在管理和发展的过程中能及时吸纳科学的管理理念和模式。（3）从科学测算景区生态容量、加强景区生态监测系统建设、及时调控景区生态容量、构建资源循环利用体系、完善景区法规体系建设、增强生态安全意识等方面提出黄河石林生态安全保障对策。4.基于问卷调查，剖析黄河石林社区参与旅游的现状及存在的问题，从经济（Economy）-心理（Psychological）-社会（Society）-政治（Politics）四个层面构建地质公园社区参与旅游增权EPSP模式；从地质科普教育旅游、生态有机农业旅游、生态文化创意旅游、绿色低碳工业旅游、黄河石林特色交通旅游等5个方面构建黄河石林社区参与生态旅游产品开发模式，最后对社区参与地质生态旅游的保障机制进行了探讨。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Yellow River Stone Forest is located in the southeast of Jingtai county, Baiyin city of Gansuprovince, and is listed in the National Geological Part List by the ministry of Land and Resources in2004. TheYellow River Stone Forest is located in the south rim of Tengger Desert in dry and windy areas of northwestChina. Because the remote location and low in publicity, researches aiming at Yellow River Stone Forest is fewand scientific results are insufficient, thereby affecting scientific protection and management progress andwide spread of its value. This thesis chooses the Yellow River Stone Forest national geopark to build asystematic research in aspects of geological landscape formation mechanism, geological relic resource andecological safety, and community participation in ecotourism. The research achievement enriches our nationalgeopark resource environment protection and ecotourism utilization synergetic development theory system,can promote effective protection of resource environment and tourism industry sustainable development of theYellow River Stone Forest, thereby improving management level of the geopark and promoting prosperity andincrement of local residents.Author and study team successively explore the yellow river stone forest area for three times, and collectand gather massive first hand information. Aiming at various problems in development of the Yellow RiverStone Forest national geopark, and based on widely consulting domestic and foreign relative literatures, searchobject and specific research ideas of the thesis are cleared; questionnaire survey, concept analysis method,comparative approach, qualitative evaluation, Delphi method, AHP method and entropy method are employedto systematically research geological landscape formation, geological resource and ecological safety evaluation,and community participation ecotourism pattern of the yellow river stone forest. The results are:1. The thesis analyzes the geological background and elaborates the formation process of the YellowRiver Stone Forest. The estimation result is that the beginning of the deposition of the stone in Yellow RiverStone Forest is in Neogene. The oldest rock should be conglomerate in Ganhegou formation.2. The resources of the Yellow River Stone Forest is large in landscape scale and unique in formation, richin original ecology folk culture resources, and relative screen culture with strong influences is graduallyformed; the Yellow River Stone Forest is qualitatively evaluated in aesthetic value, scientific value, andsocial-economic-environmental-culture values; Delphi method and AHP are employed to set up a Yellow RiverStone Forest relic resource quantitative evaluation model. The results are: the weight of landscape value uses is0.6857, aesthetics observation value and environmental protection value respectively0.1396and0.1398, and history culture value has small weight of0.0384. Finally, Yellow River Stone Forest geological ecotourismsuitability is evaluated as level1, so the functions of Yellow River culture in development of ecotourismshould be fully utilized.3. A DPSIR (Drive-Pressure-State-Influence-Response) model is employed to build a Yellow River StoneForest ecological safety evaluation index system, and entropy grey correlation method is employed to obtainecological safety index in2005,2007,2009,2011, and2013.(1)The ecological safety index is determined in asafe scope of0.50<(ESI)<=0.75; the ESI in2005is0.564being the lowest, and gradually rises year by year,2009is0.637,2011is0.633(lower than previous year) and2013is0.666(obviously better).(2) Changes ofvarious factors of DPSIR:(D) is highest in2007, and is declining between2007-2013, which indicating thattourist number is enlarged, rigid demand of tourism employees is expanded, and the rising of land occupationof tourism foundation construction brings extreme pressure to the environment;(P) rises and falls and indicatesthat the pressure factor is low in sensitivity in ESI and legged behind in response;(S) index is rising up, whichindicates that ecological environment conservation work of the yellow river stone forest is reasonable, andscenic spot waste and timely processed and pollution can be controlled;(I) index is lowered in2011andconsistent with total trend, which indicates that tourism satisfaction is sensitive to ecological environmentquality, and environment condition can directly affect tourism experience quality;(R) index is always going up,which indicates that the yellow river stone forest can timely adsorb scientific management concept and modein the management and development process.(3) Ecological safety assurance strategies are proposed in termsof scientific measuring of scenic spot ecologic capacity, enforcement of scenic spot ecological monitoringsystem construction, timely adjusting of scenic spot ecological capacity, forming resource recycle system,completing scenic spot regulation system construction, and improving ecological safety consciousness.4. Based on questionnaire survey, the participating condition of tourism in Yellow River Stone Forestcommunity and existing problems are analyzed, and geopark community participation tourism empowermentmode is built in four aspects of economy, psychology, society and Politics; Yellow River Stone Forestcommunity participation ecological tourism product development mode is formed in geological sciencepopularization education, zoology organic farming tourism, ecological culture creation tourism, greenlow-carbon industrial tourism, and Yellow River feature transportation travel; and finally the safeguardmechanism of the community participation ecological tourism is discussed.更多还原