【作者】 赵丕忠；

【导师】 谢学锦； 吴淦国；

【作者基本信息】 中国地质大学（北京） ， 地球化学， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 大兴安岭成矿带是中国最重要的有色金属成矿带之一，资源潜力巨大。本文经对该区1:20万区域化探扫面资料重新进行数据处理，依据主要元素区域地球化学场特征厘定了得尔布干、伊尔施-鄂伦春、查干敖包-五岔沟-多宝山三条北东向主干断裂带的边界与延长位置，新提出了乌奴格吐山-多宝山一带存在东西向基底大断裂；总结了区域金属矿产分布时空规律，首次将大兴安岭北段划分为3个Ⅲ级成矿亚带；指出大兴安岭西坡成矿作用独特，是重要的铅锌银、钼和铀矿资源潜力区。系统阐述了矿权靶区筛选理念、依据、方法、步骤；探索出森林沼泽景观区的“自由网土壤测量”和“高密度化探”方法；建立了从预查到普查再到详查的勘查地球化学解译图表模型体系和金属矿勘查方法组合；在大兴安岭北段23个探矿权中先后找到了上坑锅铅锌矿等6处大-中型矿床，空白区找到具有经济价值矿床成功率超过26%，证实了选区与勘查方法的有效性，其中上坑锅矿区截止2013年，探求各级别Pb+Zn金属资源量超过150万吨。总结了上坑锅铅锌矿的矿床地球化学特征。其中元素含量及变化特征、元素组合、浓度分带及异常面积是判别矿床剥蚀程度的重要标志；Ba的负异常值是判别火山口的地球化学重要指标；单一地质条件下Pb、Zn频率分布直方图呈“双峰”式分布以及低温元素与中高温元素异常形态的显著差异是判别两期叠加成矿作用的标志；建立了矿床原生晕呈Pb-Cd–Ag-Zn-As–Bi-Cu–Co-Mo垂直分带总序列，并阐明了多条矿体形成叠加晕是造成元素逆向分带的原因；因子分析揭示的Ag与多个元素密切相关是矿区Ag分布分散的本质原因。总结了矿区控制富矿体的主要地质要素是与火山口密切联系的放射性断裂；找矿标志是高岭土化+绿泥石化蚀变+脉状强硅化蚀变组合；成矿物质来源以幔源为主，成矿时代为早白垩世，矿床成因为陆相火山热液型；建立了成矿与找矿模型；提出的以Pb+Zn综合指标圈定矿体的技术方法将有经济价值的工业矿体资源量估算值增加5%以上。更多还原

【Abstract】 Daxinanling mineralization belt is one of the most important non-ferrous mineralizationbelts in China, which has huge resource potential. This article have a data processing for1:200000regional geochemical exploration data, according to the regional geochemicalcharacteristics of the main elements,The border and extended position of Derganbu、Yiershi-Elunchun、Chaganaobao-Wuchagou-Duobaoshan three main NE trending fracture zoneand it’s the first time to propose that Wunugetushan–Duobaoshan area exists the EW trendingbasement fault; The research summarizes the temporal and spatial distribution regularities of theregional metal ores, first divides Daxinanling northern section into three three-grademineralization subzone and points out that mineralization of Daxinanling western slope is unique,which is an important lead-zinc-silver deposit、molybdenum deposit and uranium depositresource potential area.Systematically expounded the concept of mineral right target screening, basis, methods andprocedures,and explored the forest swamp landscape area "free web soil survey" and"high-density geochemical exploration" approach. Established the exploration geochemistryinterpret charts model system and combination of metal ore exploration methods fromreconnaissance to general prospecting and general exploration. Successively in23explorationrights of the northern part of the Daxinanling have found6large-medium-sizeddeposits,including the Shangkengguo Pb-Zn deposit.The success rate of finding economicdeposits in black areas has exceeded26%,confirmed the validity of selecting area and theexploration methods. By the end of2013, the Pb+Zn metal resource at all levels in theShangkengguo mining area has exceeded1.5million tons.This paper also summarized the geochemical characteristics of Shangkengguo Pb-Zndeposits, pointed that the characteristic of element content and variations, elemental composition,concentration zonation and abnormal area is important symbol to distinguish degree of thedeposit denudation, and the negative Ba anomaly values are important to determine thegeochemical indicators of the crater. In Single geological conditions, the "bimodal" typedistribution in Pb-Zn frequency distribution histogram and the significant differences inanomalies morphology of low-temperature and medium-high temperature elements aredistinguishing indicator of two superimposed mineralization. Meanwhile,Established thePb-Cd-Ag-Zn-As-Bi-Cu-Co-Mo vertical zonation total sequence of deposit primary halo,andillustrated that the superimposed halo of multiple ore bodies is caused by the reasons for thereverse zonation. Factor analysis revealed that the closed relationship between Ag and multiple elements is essential reason for Ag dispersed distribution in this mineral area.This paper also summarized that the major geological control elements controlled bonanza,are those radioactive fracture closed contact with crater.The indicator for prospecting is thecombination of kaolinised+chlorite alteration+veined strong silicification alteration. Researchsuggests that the ore-forming material source dominated by mantle;the metallogenic epoch isearly Cretaceous;and the genesis of mineral deposit is continental volcanic hydrothermal type.Established the metallogenic and prospecting model. Proposed the technical methods ofcomposite indicator to Pb+Zn orebody will increased by5%or more to the economic value ofestimated industrial ore resource.更多还原