【作者】 李文亮；

【导师】 杨定；

【作者基本信息】 中国农业大学 ， 农业昆虫与害虫防治， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 缟蝇科Lauxaniidae是双翅目(Diptera)环裂亚目(Cyclorrhapha)无瓣类(Acalyptrata)有缝组(Schizophora)缟蝇总科(Lauxanioidea)中的一个较大的科,物种多样性丰富,目前世界已知172属2150种,广泛分布于各大动物地理区。缟蝇总科是无瓣蝇类各总科系统进化过程中较为原始的类群之一,对缟蝇科昆虫的研究是揭示无瓣蝇类各总科间系统发育关系的重要环节；缟蝇经常在落叶、稻草、腐烂的树桩或鸟巢中活动,主要营腐食性和菌食性生活,在保护生态环境、降解有机质、维持生态平衡方面有十分重要的作用；缟蝇部分属的成虫有访花习性,对植物传粉有重要作用；因缟蝇对环境变化比较敏感,在欧洲已用做农田生态系统环境变化评价的指示生物,也成为陆生生态系统评价指标的研究热点之一；而中国西南地区地理气候环境特殊,与南亚东南亚邻国构成了缟蝇的重要分布中心之一,但是对西南地区缟蝇科的系统分类研究十分欠缺。本论文对我国西南地区缟蝇科昆虫进行了系统分类研究。文中回顾了世界和我国缟蝇科的分类研究概况；介绍了缟蝇科各虫态的形态特征；简述了缟蝇科的生物学和生态学特征。同时对缟蝇科在世界各大区系及中国区系的分布情况做了补充分析,结果表明：属级阶元中,单区分布型最多,同脉缟蝇亚科的属级和种级阶元在东洋界丰富度最高,缟蝇亚科的属级和种级阶元在新热带界丰富度最高。中国的地理分布统计表明：属级和种级阶元在华南区丰富度最高,且具有大量的特有种。本论文根据已有标本和文献,对我国西南地区缟蝇科现有种类进行分类记述,共记述我国西南地区缟蝇科昆虫20属176种,对其中160种拍摄了整体照及特征照,并对其中117种进行了详细的描述及雄外生殖器的绘图；共发现1新属、2中国新记录属、109新种、5中国新记录种。其中包括同脉缟蝇亚科Homoneurinae Stuckenberg,1971,49新种、3中国新纪录种、42已知种：隆额缟蝇属Cestrotus2新种、6已知种；异缟蝇属Dioides5已知种,同脉缟蝇属Homoneura2亚属、42新种、3新纪录种、24已知种,长鬃缟蝇属Noonamyia3新种、2已知种,凸颜缟蝇属Phobeticomyia1新种、4已知种,凹额缟蝇属Prosopophorella1新种、1已知种。还包括缟蝇亚科Lauxaniinae14属(1新属、2新纪录属)、60新种、2新纪录种、20已知种。1个新属为中华缟蝇属Chinensis gen. nov.(包含1新种)。2个中国新纪录属为：斑缟蝇属Trypetisoma(包含8新种、1中国新纪录种)和三突缟蝇属Trigonometopsis (包含1新种)。其余记述的属包括：凹盾缟蝇属Drapanephora1新种,亮缟蝇属Lauxania3新种、1中国新纪录种,黑长角缟蝇属Melanopachycerina2新种,黑缟蝇属Minettia4亚属、25新种、9已知种,辐斑缟蝇属Neeotomima5新种、2已知种,长角缟蝇属Pachycerina2已知种,影缟蝇属Sciasmomyia1新种,曲脉缟蝇属Steganopsis1新种、3已知种,弓背缟蝇属Xangelina1新种,颊鬃缟蝇属Luzonomyza4新种、2已知种,四带缟蝇属Tetroxyrhina7新种、2已知种。经过本研究,中国缟蝇由之前的31属303种增至34属417种,西南地区缟蝇由之前的17属111种增至23属235种,并编制了缟蝇科昆虫中国及西南地区分属、分亚属、分种检索表。更多还原

【Abstract】 The family Lauxaniidae belongs to the superfamily Lauxanioidea, the Schizophora, the subordinate Acalyptrata, the suborder Cyclorrhapha, the order Diptera. It is one of the biggest Acalyptrata families and an important family of the superfamily Lauxanioidea. It is distributed in all the zoogrographical realms. Previous researches show that the Lauxanioidea is a near basal Acalyptrata superfamily, so the systematics of Lauxaniidae is a critical for revealing phylogeny of Acalyptrata superfamilies. The Lauxaniidae contains172genera2450species in3subfamilies in the world fauna Adults and larvae are recorded as fungal grazers and detritovores in leaf litter, decaying vegetation, and birds’ nests. They play an important role in degradating organic matter, protecting environments and keeping ecological balance. Moreover, the lauxaniids are sensitive to environmental changes and are utilized as a biological indicator of environmental changes in the agricultural ecosystem. Those characteristics of extensive distribution, habitat diversification and morphological diversity make it a major concern all over the world in recent years. Southwest China is one of the richest areas with generic and specific diversity of lauxaniids in the world, but the fauna of Lauxaniidae has not been comprehensively studied.The present dissertation deals with the systematics of Lauxaniidae from Southwest China. The research history and current situation of Lauxaniidae are recalled. The biology and ecology of lauxaniids are briefly introduced. The zoogeography of Lauxaniidae is briefly analyzed. It shows that single-region pattern is predominant; in the subfamily Homoneurinae, the Oriental region holds the most abundance in the generic and specific levels, as the subfamily Lauxaniinae in the Neotropical region; The results of statistics from the Chinese fauna show that the south China district is predominant both in the generic and specific levels.In the taxonomic section,176species in20subgenera from Southwest China are described, including1new genus,2newly recorded genera,109new species,5newly recorded species, among which117species are described with the taxonomically useful structures of male genitalia illustrated, and160species are taken photos of partial characteristics of the head, thorax and wing,In Homoneurinae,49new species,3newly recorded species and42known species from Southwest China are described:2new species,6known species in Cestrotus;5known species in Dioides;42new species,3newly recorded species,24known species in Homoneura;3new species,2known species in Noonamyia;1new species,4known species in Phobeticomyia;1new species,1known species in Prosopophorella.In Lauxaniinae,14genera (1new genara,2newly recorded genera),60new species,2newly recorded species and20known species from southwest China are described.1new genera is Chinensis gen. nov.(including1new species).2newly recorded genera is Trypetisoma (including8new species,1newly recorded species) and Trigonometopsis (including1new species).Others genera:1new species in Drapanephora; Lauxania (including3new species,1newly recorded species);2new species in Melanopachycerina;5known species in Dioides;43new species,2newly recorded species,21known species in Homoneura,3new species,2known species in Noonamyia,1new species,4known species in Phobeticomyia,1new species,1known species in Prosopophorella;25new species,9known species in Minettia;5new species,2known species in Neeotomima;2known species in Pachycerina;1new species in Sciasmomyia;1new species,3known species in Steganopsis;1new species in Xangelina;4new species,2known species in Luzonomyza;7new species,2known species in Tetroxyrhina;Prior to the research, the Chinese fauna includes31genera303species and Southwest Chinese fauna includes17genera111species, after the research, the Chinese fauna includes34genera417species and the Southwest Chinese fauna includes23genera235species,The keys to separate genera, species groups, species are provided.更多还原